從《史記‧李廣傳》論司馬遷的悲劇意識

The Tragic Idea behind the Book on Li Kuang in "Shiji" by Sima Qian

黃漢光(Han-Kuang Huang)

《花大中文學報》 2期 (2007/12) Pp. 39-53

https://doi.org/10.7000/NJCL.200712.0039

摘要

司馬遷是偉大的史學家但是他文學氣質重，才情亦高，他能欣賞英雄豪傑。在《史記》中，也能替他們立傳，以記述他們俊偉不凡的事跡。李廣是西漢名將，由於與匈奴征戰而揚名天下。他很有將才，為漢朝立下了不少汗馬功勞，但卻終生不得志，最後竟被迫自殺。自殺一事，充滿了悲劇色彩。本文試圖由一點西方有關悲劇及悲劇英雄的文學審美觀點，探討司馬遷因何及如何形塑此一悲劇英雄。並進而指出從嚴格的西方悲劇的意義而言，中國沒有真正西方悲劇式的悲劇，因而，李廣的英雄事跡，亦不是西方悲劇式的英雄；不過，李廣雖然不是西方悲劇式的英雄，而李廣固是英雄也。

關鍵字

司馬遷 ； 李廣 ； 英雄 ； 悲劇

並列摘要

Not only being as a great historian, Sima Qian has also been famous for his literature capacity, especially in writing heroic story for the famous persons during his time. Li Kuang, the great general of the West Han Dynasty, under the pen of Sima Qian in ”Shiji”, has been described as a talented but tragic hero who had no choice but committed suicide to end his life after his marvelous contribution to the Dynasty. His life in ”Shiji” has been described in a very strong sense of tragedy. From western tragic aesthetic discourse, this paper aims to show why and how Sima Qian did to construct this story in such a tone. Nevertheless, according to the discourse of western tragedy, strictly speaking, the story and all the story in Chinese history do not fit into the western tragic model. Thus, the story of Li Kuang, can not be perceived as a tragic hero story at all from the western point of view, but he still is a hero.

並列關鍵字

Sima Qian (司馬遷) ； Li Kuang (李廣) ； hero ； tragic