The orientation and distribution of aggregates in asphalt mixtures have significant influence on asphalt mixture performance. This study investigates the effect of different compaction methods on the aggregate structure. Three laboratory compaction methods; namely gyratory, vibratory and slab roller compaction are used to compact gap graded asphalt mixture specimens. All specimens are scanned using X-ray computed tomography (CT) and the characteristics of the images are analysed. Using the image analysis technique, the aggregate particles (≥ 2 mm) are separated from the mixture and the orientation and distribution in the compacted specimen are characterised. It was found that aggregates near the edge of a specimen tend to form circumferential alignment while the aggregates near the centre of the specimen are randomly oriented. Aggregate gradations show that coarse particles are mostly concentrated at the bottom compared to the top of a specimen.