阿里山地區觀光衝擊及管理策略之解析－政府角色與地方意識之視角

Tourism Impacts and Management Strategies in Alishan Area: From the Perspectives of Government Agencies and Communities Consciousness

吳宗瓊(Tsung-Chiung Wu) ； 莊竣安(Chun-An Chuang) ； 藍美珍(Mei-Chen Lan)

《鄉村旅遊研究》 6卷2期 (2012/12) Pp. 1-15

https://doi.org/10.30169/JRTR.201212.0001

摘要

政府自1984年以來陸續劃設13個國家級風景區並設置管理處，國家風景區在提供休閒場所中扮演的角色日形重要。在多數資本主義國家中，政府活動佔所有經濟活動約三分之一，地方觀光建設大都仰賴政府部門的投資，政府政策的良窳實關係著一個地方的發展與否。又除了政府的政策與管理之外，居住在當地的居民，在觀光發展與管理上亦扮演相當重要的角色。因此本研究試圖就政府單位的角色與地方意識角度探討觀光衝擊與衝擊管理策略，本研究目的為：一、探討地方意見領袖對當地觀光發展之看法。二、分析地方意見領袖對觀光衝擊管理之看法。三、探討政府組織角色與其對觀光發展衝擊立場與策略管理之關係、四、比較分析政府機關與地方意見領袖對觀光發展與衝擊管理意見之異同。本研究利用訪談法與問卷調查的方式進行資料蒐集，以嘉義縣阿里山地區相關政府機關首長及社區發展協會幹部為訪談及問卷調查對象，研究結果顯示：一、阿里山地區居民對社區觀光發展高度支持。二、對觀光衝擊的認知略偏向正面評價，對觀光衝擊管理策略偏向選擇間接衝擊管理策略。三、相關政府機關對觀光衝擊認知與其設立宗旨及主要業務均相符契合，顯示各機關均本於職責任事。惟對於本於職責所造成觀光發展的問題，如轄區重疊問題；或職責外的觀光發展問題，如天然災害及社區派系問題，則機關間受到本位主義的影響，並未積極謀求解決之道。四、觀光衝擊認知上，政府機關的角度與地方意見領袖看法大致相同；觀光衝擊管理策略上，意見相似度最高者為社會文化面因應策略，意見相似度最低者經濟面因應策略。

關鍵字

觀光衝擊 ； 衝擊管理策略 ； 政府角色 ； 地方意識

並列摘要

Since 1984 the government has successively designated 13 national scenic areas and established administration offices. National Scenic Area plays an increasingly important role in providing recreational places. In most capitalist countries, the government activity accounted for about one-third of all economic activities. Local tourism development is largely depends on the government sector investment, good and solid government policy strongly related to whether a place is being developed. Apart from the government's policy and administration local residents play very important roles for tourism development and administration. Therefore, this study attempts on the government role and community consciousness perspective to explore tourism impact and impact management strategy. The purpose of this study: 1. To explore the local tourism development from local opinion leaders' viewpoints. 2. To analyze tourism impact and management from local opinion leaders' viewpoints. 3. To explore the role of the government and its relationship towards tourism development impact's position and strategic management. 4. Comparative analysis of government agencies and local opinion leader's different viewpoints towards tourism development and impact management. This study used the methods of interviews and questionnaire surveys to collect information data and interviewees are government officials and community development association cadres in Chia-yi county Alishon Area. The results showed: 1. Alishon Area residents highly support community's tourism development. 2. The awareness of tourism impact slightly bias towards positive comments, the tourism impact management strategy bias toward choosing indirect impact management strategy. 3. Relevant government agencies towards the recognition of tourism impact and its establishing purpose as well as major business activities all match, showing that all agencies are responsible for their tasks. For tourism development problems caused by government agencies responsibilities, like the area under one's jurisdiction overlaps; or outside duty tourism development issues, such as natural disasters and community factions, agencies are not actively seeking for solutions among themselves. 4. The tourism impact awareness, government agencies perspective and local opinion leader's viewpoints are about the same; for the tourism impact management strategy, opinion likeness degree the lowest is the social and cultural coping strategy while the opinion likeness degree the lowest is the economic coping strategy.

並列關鍵字

Alishan ； Resident ； Tourism Impact ； Impact Perceptions ； Impact Control Strategies

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