移民與山豬的戰爭—國家政策對生態的影響（1910-1930）

Battle between Human Beings and Wild Boars: The Impact of the Japanese National Policy on the Ecology of Eastern Taiwan (1910 -1930)

張素玢(Su-Bing Chang)

《師大臺灣史學報》 4期 (2011/09) Pp. 95-127

https://doi.org/10.29883/BTHRNTNU.201109.0003

摘要

1910年代到1930年代，臺灣東部的開發如火如荼進行；臺灣總督府展開土地調查，進行官營、私營移民、推廣蔗作、從事理蕃事業等國家重要政策，目的在貫徹其施政方針與目標。然而國家政策的執行和一連串施為，使生態環境產生明顯的變化，這種國家政策影響生態環境的情況，在臺灣總督府蓄意開發的東部特別明顯。本文以臺灣東部的日本移民村為切入點，將移民與山豬的衝突做為分析主軸，探討國家政策的施行如何改變人群與空間，如何影響到動物的生態。殖民政府以其國家權力，解構了臺灣東部的人群關係、重構作物栽培的方向；當殖民政府貫徹其意志時，人與獸的生態平衡也起了變化。沒有獵人的原野成為蔗田時，反而成為山豬的覓食地；失去獵槍的獵人威脅不再，外來的日本移民與本土的山豬展開長期的攻防戰。本文論述1910-1930年代國家政策對臺灣東部生態的影響，回顧一段日本移民與山豬衝突的歷史過程，然而本文更深的關懷是人與生物的相互關係和環境的永續生存。

關鍵字

日本移民 ； 國家政策 ； 殖民 ； 產業開發 ； 蔗作 ； 理蕃政策 ； 移民村 ； 山豬 ； 生態環境 ； 東部臺灣

並列摘要

Waves after waves of Japanese immigrants, hoping to join the gold rush, came to Taiwan's remote mountainous areas to build their dream homes in the beginning of the 20th century. From 1910 -1930, activities such as land survey, operating the government-sponsored and privately run immigration, promoting sugar cane production, and managing the aborigines affairs were part of the development plan for eastern Taiwan. The tasks and policies set out by the colonial government were based on the vision and aims of the Japanese colonization. Nevertheless, these political activities changed the ecology of eastern Taiwan directly and indirectly. Understandably, in the process of designing national policies and plans, the government gave the relevant political, economic, and social contexts due assessment and evaluation.The author attempts to analyze from a bio-environmental angle the following: Once the Japanese arrived in the eastern Taiwan, what were the longterm effects on the equilibrium of the nature? How did the equilibrium between the human and the beasts erode? As the colonial government was developing eastern Taiwan, what were the special policies and priorities taken on by the Japanese resulted in the dramatic increase in the number of wild bores? Whilst the human took over the space, how did the bests respond? This article will focus on the problem between the immigrants and wild bores in the eastern Taiwan during 1910 - 1930.

並列關鍵字

Japanese immigrants ； colonization ； immigrant settlements ； wildboar ； eastern Taiwan ； bio-environment ； national policy ； ecology ； aborigines affairs ； sugar cane production