臨時臺灣糖務局時期原料採取區域制度之施行（1904-1911）

Executing Raw Material Collect System in the Period of Taiwan Bureau of Sugar Affairs

莊天賜(Tian-Sih Jhuang)

《師大臺灣史學報》 5期 (2012/12) Pp. 71-96

https://doi.org/10.29883/BTHRNTNU.201212.0003

摘要

日本取得臺灣後，為了提高蔗糖產量，提升蔗糖品質，總督府公布臺灣糖業獎勵規則，成立臨時臺灣糖務局，展開一連串的糖業改革政策，為新式糖業發展提供良好誘因。其中，原料採取區域制度是促成新式糖業發展一個極重要的制度。原料採取區域制度最初源自於糖務局設立初期為扶植大製糖工場發展，由地方官廳開始實施的舊式糖廍限制區域制度，該制度全然站在新式製糖場的立場，由地方首長視新式製糖場的製糖能力和甘蔗的收成狀況，調整區域內舊式糖廍數量，甚至讓新式糖場擁有經營舊式糖廍的特權，卻無規定區域內甘蔗收買的權利義務關係，常引發新式製糖業者與傳統製糖業者、蔗農間的紛爭，並且產生執行上的弊端。明治38年改良糖廍大量設立，為避免製糖場產生原料爭奪的情況，也為保障新式製糖業者原料來源，總督府公布製糖場取締規則，全臺實施原料採取區域制度。初期，糖務局作法與地方官廳相仿，以限制區域內舊式糖廍來保障新式製糖場的原料來源，並賦予新式製糖業者設立舊式糖廍的權力。結果發現新式製糖業者常常倚賴舊式糖廍消化原料，反而成為發展新式製糖的阻礙，加上蔗農會利用原料採取區域制度的缺陷抵制新式製糖業者，使得甘蔗種植面積減少。因此，糖務局修正規則，不再輕易允許新式製糖業者設立舊式糖廍來消化原料，同時針對蔗農可能「鑽漏洞」之方法，規定原料採取區域內的所有甘蔗非經核准不得搬出區域外，或成為砂糖以外的製品原料。並在每年度劃定原料採取區域而頒布給新式製糖業者的命令項目中，一再申令新式製糖業者須以相當代價全數消費區域內甘蔗，否則應負賠償責任。原料採取區域制度至此才算完全確立。糖務局並非完全站在新式製糖業者的立場來制訂和執行原料採取區域制度，特別是就採取區域大小而言，新式製糖業者往往希望區域越大越好，糖務局則要求新式製糖業者應採取努力縮小區域之方針，其間的差異，在於雙方對區域內蔗作獎勵和改良責任的認知，這讓糖務局意識到原料採取區域除可作為保障新式製糖業者原料來源的制度外，或也可用來監督新式製糖業是否致力於蔗作獎勵。因此，糖務局每年度皆趁劃定原料採取區域之機，對新式製糖會社頒布命令項目，以原料採取區域制度為媒介，結合蔗作和製糖兩部門，將原料採取區域內蔗作獎勵責任逐漸下放到新式製糖業者。並在每年公布蔗作獎勵方針項目中，要求新式製糖業者擔負部分任務，結果影響大多數新式製糖業者制定屬於會社的蔗作獎勵辦法，蔗作改革得以在糖務局裁撤後繼續延續。

關鍵字

原料採取區域 ； 糖務局 ； 糖業改革 ； 新式製糖 ； 糖業獎勵

並列摘要

In order to increase sugar production, improve the quality of sugar, Governor-General issued ”Taiwan sugar business encouragement rules”, the establishment of a Provisional Taiwan Bureau of Sugar Affairs, adopted a series of sugar industry reforms, including efforts towards the establishment of modern sugar manufacturing plants. The system of gathering sugar cane region is the most important.The system of gathering sugarcane area origins in the system of traditional sugar manufacturing plants restricted area which carries out by local government. The system of traditional sugar manufacturing plants restricted area was to tendency modern sugar manufacturing factories position, does not provide for the rights and obligations of purchasing sugar cane, Often caused disputes among modern sugar manufacturing factories owner, traditional sugar manufacturing plants and sugarcane farmers.In 1905, A large number of the establishment of improved sugar manufacturing plants. Not only to avoid modern sugar manufacturing factories compete sugarcane, but also To protect the sources of sugarcane, Governor-General issued ”Sugar manufacturing factories control rules”, The system of gathering sugarcane area for implementation in Taiwan. Beginning the approach of Bureau of Sugar Affairs was similar to local government, which limited the number of traditional sugar manufacturing plants for modern sugar manufacturing factories to protect the sources of sugarcane. This approach allows modern sugar manufacturing factories owner to set up traditional sugar manufacturing plants, and sugarcane farmers rejected the modern sugar manufacturing factories owner, caused the sugar development of adverse. Therefore, The Bureau of Sugar Affairs amendments to rules, not allow modern sugar manufacturing factories owners to set up traditional sugar easily, ordered modern sugar manufacturing factories owners to purchase all the sugar cane, and sugar cane can not be moved out of the areas.

並列關鍵字

The system of gathering sugarcane area origins ； sugar industry reform ； The Bureau of Sugar Affairs ； modern sugar production ； The rewards to sugar industry