積木遊戲－幼兒單位積木的遊戲型態

Block Play: Young Children's Types of Play with Unit Blocks

吳雅玲(Ya-Ling Wu) ； 許惠欣(Huei-Hsin Hsu)

《幼兒教保研究》 2期 (2008/10) Pp. 19-43

https://doi.org/10.6471/JECEC.200810.0019

摘要

本研究旨在探討幼兒在不同遊戲型態下建構單位積木的表現方式和配件之使用情形。本研究以台南縣東東國小附幼蘋果班之大中班混齡幼兒（29位）爲研究對象，蒐集42次觀察、隨機訪談、拍照作品和現場札記等質性資料，最後分析建構次數較多之六位焦點幼兒的研究結果顯示：
一、幼兒之「社會性遊戲型態」有旁觀行爲、平行遊戲、聯合遊戲和合作遊戲四種。在建構初期以「平行遊戲」爲主；在建構後期則多爲「合作遊戲」。幼兒比較喜歡與同性互動，互動方式也比較多元。
二、幼兒之「認知性遊戲型態」有功能性遊戲、建構性遊戲和戲劇性遊戲三種。幼兒大多從「建構性遊戲」開始，並延伸爲戲劇性遊戲。戲劇性遊戲伴隨配件的使用與口語之表達，並與生活經驗連結。
三、當社會性與認知性遊戲交織進行時，「合作－建構性遊戲」比「平行－建構性遊戲」複雜且多元。「平行／合作－戲劇性遊戲」皆與幼兒之生活連結，或以積木之形狀命名假扮物。
四、幼兒使用配件因「合作－戲劇性遊戲」而變得豐富而多元；男女孩在建構主題與配件之種類上不太相同。
本研究也提出建議，供幼教老師和未來研究者有關單位積木遊戲的參考。

關鍵字

單位積木 ； 遊戲型態 ； 配件

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study was to investigate young children's performance in different play types and use of accessories with unit blocks. Qualitative data were collected and analyzed from six children, who had more block buildings in Dong-Dong apple class, which was a mixed group including twenty-nine children in Tainan County via observation, informal interview, video-taping, tape-recording, photo-taking and field-noting. The findings of this study are as follows:
First, children were involved in four social play types, which included onlooker behavior, parallel play, associative play and cooperative play. Most children began with parallel play and ended in cooperative play. They had more same-sex peer interactions and interacted in more various ways.
Second, children were involved in three cognitive play types, which included functional play, constructive play and dramatic play. Children mostly began with constructive play and extended in dramatic play. Children used accessories and verbal expression in dramatic play relevant to their living experiences.
Third, when social and cognitive play interplayed, cooperative-constructive play was more complex and various than parallel-constructive play. Children named unit blocks whatever they played according to their shapes in parallel/cooperative-dramatic play. Finally, cooperative-dramatic play enriched children's use of accessories. Boys and girls were different in themes of block building and variety of accessories.
Some suggestions were also made for future studies and kindergarten teachers concerning block play with unit blocks in this study.

並列關鍵字

unit blocks ； types of play ； accessories