四合煙濤天下秀，蓬萊谿壑好風光－張夢機詩作中的臺灣地景

The Landscape of Taiwan in Zhang Meng-Ji's Poetry

顧敏耀(Ko Bin-Yau)

《遠東通識學報》 11卷2期 (2017/07) Pp. 33-51

摘要

關於張夢機之臺灣山水詩作，約以1991年為分水嶺，前期大多受到個人生命歷程以及時代背景的影響而帶有沉重的家國憂懷，島內地景對於詩人而言是「比」與「興」之題材，較少作為「賦」之對象，〈中部橫貫公路紀行〉是少數的例外，惟詩中也出現了呼應當局反攻大陸國策之詩句，而且無庸諱言的是，當時詩人對於臺灣地景或有驚奇讚嘆如對於太魯閣峽谷者，但是較少有愛憐欣賞之情，甚至將臺灣山水與中國山水相較而頗有貶抑之辭。到了後期則隨著個人生活經驗的積累與美好回憶的沉澱，地理空間因主觀情感而有了不同的意義與價值，雖然還是寫了許多憶念華夏故土之作，然而對於臺灣的山川大地卻也能不吝於給予讚賞與肯定。其次，他一方面能夠充分刻畫當地景物特色，一方面則能寓情於景、藉景抒情，呈顯所思所感，體現其性情與人格。此外，正如張夢機於《近體詩發凡》所說：「故文學創作，貴在模擬之外，自有銷鎔之鑪，以冶古人佳句。檃括入律，渾然天成，不惟可以踵武前賢，抑且可以顯示後出轉精之效」，從這些臺灣山水詩作當中，亦能看出他十分擅長轉化鎔鑄前賢描寫山水之體裁結構與遣詞用句，頗能將其學術研究上之洞見與實際創作活動緊密的結合起來，互相發明，相輔相成。

關鍵字

臺灣文學 ； 臺灣古典詩 ； 文學地景 ； 人文地理學 ； 地方感

並列摘要

Great differences of Zhang Meng-Ji's poetry about the landscape of Taiwan happened at 1991. During Zhang's earlier period, likely being influenced by the historical background, his poems focused around his concerns about the nation. He used classical poetry ＂Bi＂ and ＂Xing＂ instead of ＂Fu＂ to describe the landscape of Taiwan; his poem, ＂Central Cross-Island Highway＂ was a rare exception, though. Moreover, Zhang Meng-Ji's earlier poems contained a lot of implications to fight back to China, which reflected the policy of that time. At his early period, his poetry reflected his astonishment but not admiration towards the special landscape in Taiwan and sometimes even showed that he thought the landscape of Taiwan was inferior to that of China. However, at Zhang's later period, being affected by personal experiences and memories in Taiwan, he appreciated and praised the gorgeous and splendid landscape, even though he still wrote myriad of works to recall the old mainland China. In the late period, Zhang, on the one hand, had described the landscape vividly; on the other hand, he put his emotions in his works and wrote what he thought and felt. In addition, just as what Zhang Meng-Ji had mentioned in his ＂Role of Jintishi＂: ＂The way to compose a work is to repurposing what people had said in words and changed into your words. In doing so, you may not only recapitulate the wisdoms had said, but also show your ability,＂ in Zhang's poetry about Taiwan's landscape, we could observe that he was good at using words of others and changing into his own words. This demonstrated that Zhang was able to combine what he learned from the literature with his writing.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan Literature ； Taiwan Classical Poetry ； Literary Landscape ； Human Geography ； Sense of Place