臺灣日治時期小說之寫實性與象徵性考察－陳虛谷作品之文本細讀與微觀分析

Identification of Reality and Symbolism in the Taiwan Novel during Japanese-Governed Period: A Case Study of Chen Hsu-Ku's Novel

顧敏耀(Ko Bin-Yau)

《遠東通識學報》 12卷1期 (2018/01) Pp. 75-103

摘要

陳虛谷（1896～1965）是日治時期出身今彰化和美的著名文人，創作文類包括古典詩、新詩、小說、散文等，惜乎小說方面的成就往往為其詩作盛名所掩，其實，他在1928至1930年間發表於《臺灣民報》與《臺灣新民報》的四篇短篇小說頗值得深究：〈我發財了〉運用了類似巴赫金所指出的「狂歡化」理論而對於高高在上的殖民統治者盡情嘲諷，在〈無處申冤〉使用了國族寓言而將臺灣比喻為受盡日本巡警性騷擾甚至性侵害的女性，在〈榮歸〉描述了臺灣新舊知識階層以及一般人民在面對現代化的新文明事物時所表現出來的迷惘與困惑，〈放砲〉則可看出殖民地人民在高壓統治之下仍然存有綿延不絕的反抗意識伏流。他將殖民統治政權具象化、擬人化為地方上的警察，或是調侃其厚顏無恥之醜態、或是影射其對於臺民之暴虐與蹂躪，或是比喻其「吃」定臺灣人，皆活靈活現，躍然紙上。陳虛谷以極具真實感的事物作為小說素材，以融合了中國白話文、臺語以及日語漢字的複聲調作為小說語言，並且運用節奏明快的短篇小說體裁以及性格顯著的扁平人物角色，表現出當時殖民體制的壓迫以及人民心中的無奈與憤恨。除了反映現實的「鏡」之特色外，也表現了照亮人心的「燈」之功能。

關鍵字

陳虛谷 ； 彰化文學 ； 臺灣小說 ； 國族寓言 ； 殖民地文學

並列摘要

Chen Hsu-Ku (1896-1965) is a famous scholar born at Hemei Town in Changhau. He engaged in various types of literature including classical poetry, free verse poetry, novels, prose and etc. Despite the fact that Chen Hsu-Ku is best known for his poetry, he had published four short novels during 1928-1930 in Taiwan Minpao and Taiwan Shin Minpao. These literary works are worth to do further investigation. In the novel ＂I Made a Fortune＂, Chen taunted authorities of the colonized society in the way similar to that of Bakhtin's Carnivalesque Theory. In ＂No Way to Redress the Injustice＂, he used national allegory to make a metaphor, which implied those persecuted and sexually abused women as Taiwan. Chen also revealed the conflict and confusion between old and new generations in the time when they faced new knowledge and modern innovation in his ＂Victorious Return＂. We could also realize that the colonized people still own endless revolted consciousness even under high stressed colonization in Chen's novel, ＂Fire the firecrackers＂. Chen Hsu-Ku often personified the colonization government as local police officers. In the stories Chen often ridiculed those those police officers, who were often cruel and violent to Taiwanese people. Chen revealed vividly how the colonization government abused Taiwanese people in this literary works. He took stories and people that seemed to be real as the materials in his novels and combined Vernacular Chinese, Taiwanese and Han words in Japanese as the language of his novels. He used fast-paced short novels and flat characters with obviously outstanding characteristics to reveal the depression and anger of Taiwanese people under high pressed colonization. Chen Hsu-Ku's stories not only reflected the real situation of that time but also lit up people's heart.

並列關鍵字

Chen Hsu-Ku ； Changhau Literature ； Taiwan Novel ； National Allegory ； Colonial Literature