魏晉自然之美析論

Analyzing the Beauty of Nature in Wei-Jin Period

徐鈺晶(Hsu, Yu-Ching)

《遠東通識學報》 16卷2期 (2022/07) Pp. 1-38

摘要

審美觀念在魏晉時代得到長足的發展。本文以《世說新語》為主要材料，探討其中「自然之美」的演變與內容，由此可知從秦漢以來對天地萬物的態度已有明顯的擴充及發展。首先，魏晉時代逐漸擺脫了早期對天人關係的看法，既不以天為至上的統治者，也不以天地為單純的規律在運作，同時也降低了對自然現象的迷信之說。其次，知識份子喜歡以植物與動物為比喻，用來形容人的品格與才華。然後，把自然界的一切當成審美的對象，包括山川、林園、以及人的形體等。如此，人的生命進一步落實於自然界，可以減少政治上的紛亂與倫理上的僵化教條對人的干擾，使人的生命恢復到較為完整的平衡狀態。

關鍵字

天人關係 ； 自然景觀 ； 山川林園 ； 人的形體

並列摘要

Aesthetic ideas developed well in the Wei-Jin Period. Based on the ＂Shih-Shuo Xin-yu＂, this article deals with the concept of ＂beauty of nature＂ in order to clarify that intellectual attitude towards heaven, earth, and all that in between has changed a lot. First, this period regards no more that heaven is the supreme ruler, that heaven and earth are simple objective mechanics, and that natural happenings show mysterious omens. Secondly, intellectuals take natural objects, including animals and plants, to describe characters and talents of man. Thirdly, they view everything natural as aesthetic objects. By so doing, they may overlook the perilous political chaos and rigid ethical codes, and recover human life to a more healthy and balanced situation.

並列關鍵字

Relation between Heaven and Man ； Natural View ； Forest and Garden ； Human Body