風車與帆船的原理探討與科學教育

The story of principle and science education of modern wind turbine

周鑑恆(Ching-Heng Chou)

《物理教育學刊》 21卷2期 (2020/12) Pp. 23-41

https://doi.org/10.6212/CPE.202012_21(2).0003

摘要

本文包括有三個主題。第一個主題討論現代風機如何旋轉。首先研究帆船如何在海中航行，並強調船帆和風車的葉片，都由類似的升力以相同的方式驅動。在第二個主題中，討論了設計現代風車的流程與考量。流程第一步的目標是，通過控制葉片的轉速來獲得盡可能多的風能。在第二步中，應仔細調整葉片各部分的安裝角，以使升阻比盡可能大。然後再進一步考慮若干細節，例如：葉片的翼型和葉片的形狀。第三個主題是關於如何在科學教育活動中製造微型現代風力發電機。我們巧妙利用複合材料技術的優勢，發明了一種成熟的方法，用薄木板和合適的膠水製造風車葉片。該風車葉片的成本低，而且準備相關材料相當容易。最重要的是，學習者可以輕鬆地用這些葉片和相關的發電組件，成功製造自己的微型現代風力發電機。

關鍵字

現代風力發電機 ； 機翼 ； 風力 ； 綠色能源 ； 科學教育 ； 複合材料

並列摘要

In this article there are three main topics. The first topic is related to how the modern wind turbines can rotate. We firstly investigate how a sailboat sail on the surface of ocean and emphasize that the sail of sailboat and the blade of wind turbine are all driven by similar lifting force in the same way. In the second topic, we discuss the process of designing a modern wind turbine. The goal of the first step is to harness as much as wind energy by controlling the rotational speed of the blade. In the second step, the angle of each of sections of blade shall be adjusted to make the lift-drag ratio as large as possible. And then people shall further consider some details, such as the airfoil of the blade and the shape of the blade. The third topic is about how to make a modern tiny wind turbine and wind powered mini generator in science education activities. We take the advantage of the composite material technique and then invent a mature method to make the blades of wind turbine with thin wood plates and suitable glue. The cost of the blades of this wind turbine is low and to prepare related materials is easier. Most importantly, learners can make their own mini modern wind turbine with this blades and related electricity producing components successfully and easily.

並列關鍵字

modern wind turbine ； airfoil ； wind power ； green energy ； science education ； composite material