汽車懸吊系統非線性動態分析與穩定性分析

Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis and Stability Analysis of Vehicle Suspension Systems

吳冠逸(Guan-I Wu) ； 張簡才萬(Cai-Wan Chang-Jian) ； 張旭銘(Shiuh-Ming Chang)

《機械技師學刊》 4卷4期 (2011/12) Pp. 1-8

https://doi.org/10.6208/JPME-2011-04-01

摘要

懸吊系統是指車身與車軸之間連接的所有零件組合的總稱，亦是汽車的重要裝置之一。一般由彈性元件、減振器和導向機構組成，有些還裝置有橫向穩定桿及緩衝機制。故而懸吊系統把車體與車軸彈性的連接起來，並承受作用在車輛和車體之間的作用力。懸吊的基本功能為緩和路面不平的衝擊、迅速減緩汽車振動、使汽車行駛平穩及乘坐舒適;使車輛於跳動時車輪定位參數變化變小，並保證良好的操縱穩定性;使車輛與地面有良好的附著性，較小的車輪動態變化，減少動態負載引起的零件損壞並保證良好的安全性。通過合理設計懸吊系統的彈性特性及阻尼特性可有效確保汽車行駛時具有良好的平順性，亦即具有較低的振動頻率、較小的振動加速度值和合適的減振性能，並且能避免在懸吊系統壓縮或拉伸時發生硬衝擊，同時更保證輪胎具有足夠的接地能力。在這項研究中運用分岔圖（Bifurcation diagrams）、相平面之軌跡圖（Phase diagrams）、及龐卡萊截面圖（Poincaré Section）來模擬其運動方程式及判斷其動態響應效應。其模擬結果顯示其動態行為呈現不規則運動，並在這些模擬動態行為中發現有些動態行為呈現混沌現象。此模擬結果可提供工程師在設計與控制此類系統之參考。

關鍵字

汽車懸吊系統 ； 非線性 ； 穩定性分析

並列摘要

This study focuses on the nonlinear vibration analysis (bifurcation and chaos analysis), stability analysis and control analysis of the vehicle suspension system. The fundamental functions of vehicle suspension system are to alleviate the impact of irregular roads, to suppress vehicle vibration quickly, to drive more comfortably and to ensure better safety. Thus this study not only provides a theory method of modern vehicle technique for the design of vehicle suspension, but also has higher application value on the aspect of engineering design of vehicle suspension system. The nonlinear damping force in the vehicle suspension systems are described with mathematical models and phase diagrams, power spectra, Poincare sections, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents and fractal dimensions are also applied to detect dynamic behaviors of the nonlinear vehicle suspension systems. Besides, the stability analyses for three types of vehicle suspension models are also provided. This study would help us to design better conditions for vehicle suspension system.

並列關鍵字

vehicle suspension systems ； nonlinear ； stability analysis