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南京國民政府時期的國術競賽：以兩屆國術國考為例（民國17年－22年）
The National Skill (Guoshu) Competitions in the Republic of China Period: A study on the Twice National Martial Art Test
摘要
中國武術，是一項擁有悠久歷史的傳統文化。在過去，中國武術除了在各地武館中傳授之外，還有其他接近大眾的途徑，例如傳統民間在民俗節慶時所舉辦武術賽會，以及發展自唐宋的傳統武術擂台皆是這類例子。而自清末以來，許多西方的新鮮事物傳進中國，其中，西洋體育競賽也在此時被引進中國，中國傳統武術也在此時跟著成為某些運動會的項目。 1928年，中央國術館於南京成立，這個官方性質的武術學術機構，不但將中國武術定名為「國術」，更積極進行提倡國術的工作，其中之一，便是舉辦國術競賽。此時期的中央國術館制定了「國術考試」，這是一項專門為國術設計的競賽，其體系包括縣、省（特別市）與中央三個層級，其目的在於甄別國術人才，並且以擂台性質的國術對試為主要內容，中央國術館前後共舉辦了兩屆國術國考。 本文旨在剖析中央國術館舉辦的兩屆國術國考。首先，從探討國術考試的相關規則入手，並簡介兩屆國術國考的過程與內容。再者，試著討論國術國考的意義與影響，包括：兩屆國術國考的優缺點為何？國術考試開創了哪些新創舉？最後，國術考試的設計與立意反映了哪些當時的時代價值？
並列摘要
Chinese martial art is a specific kind of traditional culture with a long history. In the past, in addition to the normal way by which Chinese martial art was taught in traditional martial art school, there was another way to approach it for the public with the martial art tournament held in the traditional religious festivals. After the late Ching dynasty, there were many new things imported from the West, including western sport competition which later merged Chinese martial art tournament to be a part of it. There is a turning point in Chinese martial art history that is the establishment of the Central Martial Art Academy (Zhongyang guoshuguan) in Nanjing in 1928. Not only Chinese martial art is called ”National Skill” (Guoshu) by the Central Martial Art Academy, but also dedicates to promote Chinese martial art, one of which is holding martial art tournament. The Central Martial Art Academy also designs the ”Martial Art Test” which is a complete system of direct combat with three levels: county, province and nation, and aims to select talent martial art athletes. Before Sino-Japanese war began, the Central Martial Art Academy held twice National Martial Art Test. This article aims to analyze these two National Martial Art Test. First, to introduce the rules, the process and the content of the test. Second, to discuss the meaning and the influences, the advantages and disadvantages, and also the new invention of the test. Finally, to inquire the age-value reflected by the design and the purpose of the test.