唐律六殺罪研究

The Six Kind of Murder Crimes in The Tang Code

廖婉君(Wan-Chun Liao)

《中正歷史學刊》 14期 (2011/12) Pp. 193-240

https://doi.org/10.6747/CCUHISTORY.201112_(14).05

摘要

唐律將殺人行為區分為六種，稱為「六殺」。六殺之中，謀殺、故殺有明顯的殺害意識，處以最重的斬刑。鬬殺、戲殺是在攻擊行為之下，無意致人於死而導致的殺害結果，刑罰減一等，戲殺是雙方同意所進行的攻擊，刑責又比爭鬥為輕。誤殺是攻擊動作中發生的錯誤，與犯者行為的本意無關，所以依犯者原本的心意論刑；如果不是攻擊性動作所造成的失誤，罪刑可以再減一等。過失殺是殺人罪中刑罰最輕的，因為行為不具有攻擊性或傷害性，導致死亡結果不可預料，處以金錢贖型。唐律對殺人罪的分類，顯示懲罰犯者主觀心意的特色。這種法律精神源於前代，秦漢魏晉律都展現了類似的主張，六種殺人罪的原形在唐代之前都已經出現了，唐律的特色在於將前朝法律加以系統化、完整化，並且進一步凸顯法律的目的在懲罰主觀意識的特質。

關鍵字

唐代 ； 唐律 ； 殺人罪 ； 主觀意識

並列摘要

There are six kind of murder crimes in The Tang Code. The murder and the voluntary manslaughter has the obvious murder consciousness, the punishment responsibility is the heaviest. Fights kills, although does not have the murder consciousness, but because the behavior has the aggressivity, can only reduce one and so on. If because of competes, but lethal, the punishment responsibility is lighter. The manslaughter is the mistake which occurs in the murder process, has nothing to do with the violation original intention, cannot reduce the punishment responsibility. Only then in does not have the injury which under the aggressive behavior receives, only then may reduce the responsibility. In does not have the murder result which under the risky movement and the unpredictable condition causes to be called the manslaughter. Its legal responsibility is lightest,may use the money to compensate. There showed the intention to Punishes criminal's subjective consciousness in The Tang Code.

並列關鍵字

Tang Dynasty ； The Tang Code ； murder crimes ； manslaughter ； Subjective consciousness

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