二程治道論的內涵及其思想史背景

《大學》中「格致誠正修齊治平」在近世受到重視後，其為學與為政次第成為了中國近世政治思想的核心論述。這一套說法在宋代時由程顥、程頤所提出，並逐漸發展成為中國政治與學術思想界的正統論述。本文以二程據《大學》八條目「格致誠正修齊治平」為中心所建立的治道論為研究主題。結構上首先由二程的原典出發，說明源於《大學》的「格致誠正修齊治平」如何居於二程「治道」論述的首位，並廓清「格致誠正修齊治平」一貫之道作為政治思想的詳細節目及踐履方式。同時進一步探討透過格物致知與誠意正心來學習聖人的心性修養之學，如何在二程論述中成為使家國天下安頓的根本。本文的第二部份則回到宋初當時的思想史背景下，檢視當時與二程治道論相近與相悖的說法，比較各家論述與二程的異同，以析論二程治道論之獨特性。

關鍵字

程顥；程頤；理學；大學；格致誠正；修齊治平

並列摘要

The development of the Neo-Confucian philosopher s, Cheng Hao(程顥) and Cheng Yi(程頤) s' system of political thought relied on the eight clauses of Great Learning(大學) as guiding principles. At first, this paper would like to illustrate why the eight clauses of Great Learning become the core concept of Cheng brothers' political philosophy. And how their interpretation of their political thought which links up “studying the physical nature (格物), extending knowledge (致知), making will sincere (誠意), rectifying mind (正心), and cultivating character (修身), but separates or develops gradually regulating family (齊家), making state in order (治國), and bringing peace to the world (平天下)＂. Secondly, it attempts to show how the Cheng brothers built their political theory on the basis of reaching sagehood through spiritual cultivation. Finally, this article traces the intellectual current and to show how the innovation at the core by comparing the Cheng brothers' ideas with other scholars' lectures.

並列關鍵字

Cheng Hao ； Cheng Yi ； New-Confucianism ； Great Learning ； studying physical nature ； extending knowledge ； making will sincere ； rectifying mind ； and cultivating character ； but separates or develops gradually regulating family ； making state in order ； and bringing peace to the world