西漢西域的軍政管理－西域都護、戊己校尉拾零

西域都護和西域諸國之間存在一定程度的文書行政關係，《漢書‧西域傳》所見西域諸國的戶口數字，有部分也許就是通過文書行政的途徑而被漢廷得知、記錄下來的。發揮此戶口調查職能的具體單位是都護幕府中的某些曹。調查戶口的目的應在於掌握西域的基本情況，而非出於賦役的需要。〈西域傳〉所載諸國戶口數存在詳略不均的現象，或許是漢廷與特定國家的政治關係、該國本身戶口制度的完備程度等因素的集中反映；本文還考述了戊己校尉的建置演變，指出西漢新莽的戊己校尉經歷了三個階段的變化：（一）戊、己二校分置且各下轄二部十曲。（二）戊、己二校分置且各下轄一部五曲。（三）戊、己二校分置且各下轄一部五曲，但戊、己二校尉出現了常制性的兼任情況。本文並認為西漢新莽時期實未有作為一正式官名之「戊己校尉」的存在，《漢書》所見漢末新莽的三個「戊己校尉」，應是常制性之某校兼某校的一種簡稱。

關鍵字

西域都護；文書行政；戊己校尉；懸泉漢簡；郭欽

並列摘要

There was a certain degree of administrative relations between the protectorate of the Western Regions and the Kingdoms in the Western Regions. The number of households in the Western Regions, as seen in Han-Shu-Xi-Yu-Zhuan(漢書西域傳), probably be known and recorded by Han Dynasty through this way. The household surveys were conducted by the Cao(曹) of the Mufu(幕府), which is subordinated to the protectorate, and its main purpose was to understand the basic situation of the Western Regions, instead of the need for taxes. The phenomenon that the number of households is uneven, was probably caused by several factors: the political relations between the Han Dynasty and each Kingdom, the degree of completeness of household registration in each Kingdom, etc. This paper also discusses the evolution of Wu-Ji-Xiao-Wei's(戊己校尉) organization, and points out that it had gone through three stages of changes during the Western Han to the Xin Dynasty: (1) Wu-Xiao-Wei(戊校尉) and Ji-Xiao-Wei(己校尉) were separated, and they both had two Bu(部) and ten Qu(曲). (2) Wu-Xiao-Wei(戊校尉) and Ji-Xiao-Wei(己校尉) were separated, and they both had one Bu(部) and five Qu(曲). (3) Similar to (2), however, it was more frequent that Wu-Xiao-Wei(戊校尉) also undertook the position of Ji-Xiao-Wei(己校尉), and vice versa. In this paper, we propose a viewpoint that ＂Wu-Ji-Xiao-Wei(戊己校尉)＂, as a formal officer, didn't exist in the Western Han and the Xin Dynasty. The three specific ＂Wu-Ji-Xiao-Wei(戊己校尉)＂ that we can see in Han-Shu(漢書) were the abbreviation of Situation (3).