廣西大饑荒（1959－1961）成因探討：統購統銷與集體化的交織作用及效應

Causes of the Great Famine in Guangxi (1959-1961): The Interweaving Effect of State Monopoly for Purchasing and Marketing, and Movement of Agricultural Collectivization

王力堅(Wang, Li-Jian)

《中正歷史學刊》 23期 (2020/12) Pp. 127-170

摘要

本文以廣西為聚焦，展開如下探討：統購統銷的目的，是為了集中控制經濟資源以因應新政權的穩定和國家工業化的實施，通過犧牲農民的利益來實現工業化起步。集體化不僅將農民的土地等生產資料統一歸公，也將產品統一歸公，使中央政府能更有效且徹底掌握、控制、支配農產品資源。大躍進則試圖促使工農業生產高速發展。統購統銷、集體化及大躍進的目的，似乎是為了促進生產、搞活經濟、強國富民；但政治訴求的主導與干擾，尤其是領導人好大喜功，急功近利的意志與思維，致使這些運動的發展，背離其初衷而走向了反面－破壞生產、危害經濟、國弊民困，最終導致了1959至1961年的大饑荒。

關鍵字

廣西 ； 統購統銷 ； 集體化 ； 大躍進 ； 大饑荒

並列摘要

Focusing on Guangxi, this paper explores the following: The purpose of the State Monopoly for Purchasing and Marketing is to centralize the domination of economic resources conductive to stabilize the new regime with implementation of national industrialization strategy, and realize the commencement of industrialization by sacrificing the interests of farmers. The Movement of Agricultural Collectivization not only unified the production data of land and the others, but also unified products, so that central government can monopolize, control and dominate the agricultural resources effectively and thoroughly. The Great Leap Forward, which arose in the year of 1957 and reached its peak in 1958, tried to promote rapid development of industrial and agricultural production. The purpose of the State Monopoly for Purchasing and Marketing, the Movement of Agricultural Collectivization and the Great Leap Forward, seems to promote production, enliven economy and empower the country, however, political domination and interference, especially leaders with mentality of egoistic honor, spiritual supremacy, overambitious and crave for immediate success, deviated the development of these movements from its original intention and clashed the opposite side, to damage production, destroy economy and create disastrous consequences to the country and the people, eventually led to the great famine of 1959-1961.

並列關鍵字

Guangxi ； State Monopoly for Purchasing and Marketing ； Collectivization ； the Great Leap Forward ； the Great Famine

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