航空公司經營績效與市場需求波動之研究

過去相關研究航空公司營運績效之文獻，往往未考量市場面需求波動關聯且多使用單一指標，使評估無法客觀且失真。有別於以往研究，本研究利用可同時評估多項投入產出之資料包絡分析法，並將決策單位時間調整導入需求市場波動於績效評估中。此外，為改善傳統射線效率衡量模式會高估效率值的缺失，本研究使用Slack-Based Measure模式作為航空業者效率值的評估模式。研究樣本為2003年至2007年五家台灣航空業者之營運資料。實證結果發現，台灣國籍航空公司之靜態整體技術效率分析結果與市場需求波動具關聯性，且需求淡季之效率明顯低於旺季；在規模報酬分析方面，國籍航空業近年來普遍呈現規模報酬遞減狀態，隱含市場處於供過於求；此外，研究發現動態長期效率分析與靜態效率分析結果相互呼應，顯示國籍航空業者之營運普遍存在規模無效率問題且日趨惡化，因應之長期策略宜規劃可行之有效整合方案。

關鍵字

市場需求；經營效率；規模效率；跨期效率分析

並列摘要

This study aims to examine the managerial performance efficiency of five of Taiwan's airlines by utilizing the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique with the traditional radial model. The experimental results indicate that the Technical Efficiency (TE) is correlated with the market demand fluctuation. The operating efficiency is higher during peak-season than that in off-season. The airlines should endeavor to increase the off-season demand to improve their operational efficiency. Empirical results also indicate that the overall technical inefficiencies of the airlines are primarily due to the scale inefficiencies. The dynamic analysis result is consistent with that of the static analysis, suggesting that that Taiwanese airlines' scale of size do play an important role in influencing their operating efficiency. The result can be treated as supports for future mergers and acquisitions among the airlines as well as for public policy decision making, especially regarding operational styles under an intense competitive environment.