談國劇傳習所：介乎科班與票房之京劇教學組織

Beijing Opera Education Center—the Beiji ng Opera education association between tr aining school and amateur society

吳怡穎(Yi-Ying Wu)

《戲曲學報》 13期 (2015/12) Pp. 99-132

https://doi.org/10.7020/JTCT.201512_(13).0004

摘要

1932年正是京劇繁榮鼎盛時期，京劇作為大眾流行文化娛樂的前提之下，由國劇學會附設組織的「國劇傳習所」，成立宗旨「為有志學國劇而未知門徑者之講肆機關」，正是京劇教學多元化發展之一環。而國劇學會以梅蘭芳、余叔岩為首，齊如山、張伯駒、傅惜華等人聯合推動創設，不僅辦學教育培植後進，亦發行戲曲雜誌報刊《戲劇叢刊》與《國劇畫報》，為有組織且有計畫性將「訓練人才」與「研究推廣」交互融通。即使「國劇傳習所」僅持續短暫一年時間，梅蘭芳南下上海無力顧及而解散，但是仍不掩蓋傳習所在京劇史上留下重要的一筆。本文即針對《戲劇叢刊》與《國劇畫報》所刊載關於「國劇傳習所」的資料內容進行研究分析，又以《國劇畫報》與傳習所關連密切，不僅詳細紀錄課程講演，也可見師資與學員照片，該報刊可說是觀察傳習所概況最直接且彌足珍貴的第一手資料，故本文主要藉此報刊材料，佐以相關的傳記回憶錄進行統整，除了檢視分析「國劇傳習所」的組織概貌、授課內容、學員發展等面向，呈現其招生辦學理念之獨特性，課程規劃之京劇藝術與文學文化兩方並重，更主要之目的，在於突顯「國劇傳習所」在京劇史上的定位性質與傳承意義，並試圖補充中國京劇史對於「國劇傳習所」面貌之不足。

關鍵字

京劇 ； 國劇傳習所 ； 國劇學會 ； 《國劇畫報》 ； 《戲劇叢刊》

並列摘要

Beijing Opera Education Center (GuoJuChuan Xi Suo), the affiliated organization of Beijing Opera Association (GuoJuXue Hui), was established in 1932, the prosperous year of Beijing Opera. During the period, Beijing Opera was not only the pop culture but also the new study. The aim of Beijing Opera Education Center was “For those who eager to learn Beijing Opera but don't know how to”; therefore, it became one part of the diversified education of Beijing Opera. Mei Lanfang and Yu Shuyan were the leaders of Beijing Opera Association, and Qi Rushan, Zhang Boju and Fu Xihua were the co-founders. They organized the education center for training the descendant, and published the Beijing Opera magazines— “Drama Series (Xi Ju Cong Kan)” and “Beijing Opera Pictures (GuoJu Hua Bao)”, for that they planned to combine training/education and research/promotion. Hence, though Beijing Opera Education Center dissolution for Mei Lanfang’s southing Shanghai and had existed for only one year, it was still very important in Beijing Opera history. This thesis focuses on the data of Beijing Opera Education Center in “Drama Series” and “Beijing Opera Pictures”, and within these two magazines, “Beijing Opera Pictures” was the most direct and precious firsthand information. The lectures of Beijing Opera Education Center published as the insertion article on “Beijing Opera Pictures”, also the photos of teachers and students. The present article is based on the magazine materials and other related biographies to analyze the organization operation, lecture content and student development. The uniqueness of education ideal appeared from its lectures on both art and literature of Beijing Opera. And last, but not least, the identity and inheritance of Beijing Opera Education Center could be highlighted, and the lack of Beijing Opera history could be repaired.

並列關鍵字

Beijing Opera, Beijing Opera Education Center (GuoJuChuan Xi Suo), Beijing Opera Association (GuoJuXue Hui),“Drama Series (Xi Ju Cong Kan)”,“Beijing Opera Pictures (GuoJu Hua Bao)”

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