《打砂鍋》、《打刀》、《打灶王》與《打櫻桃》四齣京劇丑角開蒙戲藝術特色與教學實踐

＂The broken casserole＂, ＂Make a sword＂, ＂Hit the King of the kitchen＂ and ＂Hit the cherry＂ the artistic characteristics and the teaching experience of the ba sic four dramas for the traditional Chinese opera clo wn characters

丁一保(Ding, Yi-Bao)

《戲曲學報》 15期 (2016/12) Pp. 117-153

https://doi.org/10.7020/JTCT.201612_(15).0006

摘要

明人徐渭在其《南詞敘錄》，中說：「以粉墨塗面，其形甚醜。」這是他對當時丑行的解釋，抑或說是偏見。鈕驃在〈談京劇丑角藝術〉一文當中曾言道：「丑行作為一個不可短少的行當，自然形成一套獨特的表演程式，以其滑稽風趣、詼諧逗笑的特色，在舞台上嘻笑怒罵，發揮著針砭時弊，譏諷邪惡的戰鬥作用，顯示了無窮的舞台藝術魅力。」曾被李笠翁喻為「養氣益神，使人不倦」的「人蔘湯」。蕭長華也把丑角藝術比作「增香提鮮」的「味之素」說它有「醒脾解乏」的效用，故而能為「雅俗共歡，智愚共賞」，為人們喜愛。人生如戲，戲如人生，丑角，在舞台上以插科打諢，取悅觀眾，靠著觀眾給予的掌聲滿足心靈短暫的喜悅與快感，當舞台燈光漸漸暗了，落下大幕，曲終人散，一切化為空虛寂寞，這就是人生的寫照！離開表演的舞台，轉入教學（京劇丑角）工作，教師，這是一個良心的事業，唯有本著認真、負責任的態度，堅守崗位，以戰戰兢兢，盡一己之力，做好自己應盡的職責。

關鍵字

京劇 ； 丑行 ； 小花臉 ； 打砂鍋 ； 打刀 ； 打灶王 ； 打櫻桃

並列摘要

Xu Wei, during the Ming dynasty described the clown character of the traditional Chinese opera in his book ＂The record of Nanci＂ as ＂the character with the face painted by powder and ink besides, looks ugly＂. It was his personal opinion or even bias for this character. In the article of ＂The art of the clown in the traditional Chinese opera＂, NiouPiao said that:＂ As a character that cannot be short of, the clown character had formed a unique performing set naturally. With the feature of funny and humorous, the actors can laugh, curse and criticize the current events, ridicule the evil, fight with the wrong. Besides, these are the endless artistic charm of the clown character.＂. The clown character once been described as something ＂raise and good for the spirit, make people tireless.＂ like a bowl of ＂Ginseng soup＂ by Li Li Wong. By the way, SiaoJhangHuaJhih also not only compare the art of the clown as a ＂seasoning of delicacies＂ which can ＂increase and fresh the flavor＂ but also some kind of thing with the function of ＂stimulate the appetite and relieve the fatigue＂ and these are why it can become a character that ＂everyone can enjoy, no matter how intellectual or normal, smart or stupid＂ and be loved by people. Life is like a drama, and drama also like a life. The clowns of the traditional Chinese opera gag on the stage, create pleasure for their audiences and then satisfy and happy with the applause from them. However, the satisfaction and happiness are temporarily, after the stage lights slowly turn dark and the stage curtain falls, at the very end of the melody, nothing remain but empty, this is the image of a life! I have left the stage and turned into school (to teach the clown character), teaching is a career that matter of moral, all I can do is to insist on serious and responsible attitude, do my best and what I can cautiously trying to complete my duty.

並列關鍵字

the traditional Chinese opera ； the clown character ； the smaill painted face ； The broken casserole ； Make a sword ； Hit the King of the Kitchen ； Hit the cherry

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