論〈考據〉諸目對《桃花扇》文本的補充生發

清代劇作家孔尚任（1648－1718）於所作《桃花扇》一書之末附載了〈考據〉一篇，文中著錄作品二十種、條目一百三十一則。依照「考據」之名，一般被直觀認為僅為附載標誌與劇情相關資料來源。本文細勘各目並與劇作對觀，發現〈考據〉除標誌與劇作相關的細節出處外，也著錄與劇情相異的素材，甚至對同一事件收錄了相互矛盾的材料。本文分析歸納作者安排取捨，有因應劇情的相關調動，則〈考據〉為讀者保留了「事實真相」；並且根據記載互異的素材，補足、修正作者在劇中的未盡之言。而〈考據〉中著錄相當數量的詩文，並未與情節敘事直接相關，卻醞釀了一股呼應劇情「離合之情」的「興亡之感」，讀者如依指引披覽，對《桃花扇》要旨當有更深刻的體會。

關鍵字

桃花扇；考據；孔尚任；明清之際；南明

並列摘要

Kong Shangren (1648-1718), a playwright in the Qing dynasty, attached a document, ＂Investigation＂, at the end of the book, The Peach Blossom Fan, including 20 descriptive works and 131 items. According to its title, ＂Investigation＂ usually is intuitively considered as just attaching and marking data sources related to the plots. By carefully surveying the items along with the play synopsis, it has now been discovered that ＂Investigation＂, in addition to marking detailed sources related to the play, also records materials different from the plots and even includes contradictory materials for the same event. The author's arrangement and choice are analyzed and organized in this study and some changes are made to cope with the plots, where the ＂truth＂ is kept for readers in the ＂Investigation＂. Furthermore, according to diverse materials, unfinished expressions of the author are supplemented and corrected. A considerable quantity of poetry without direct correlations with plot narrative is recorded in ＂Investigation＂ but enhances the ＂feeling of rise and fall＂ corresponding to the ＂emotion of separation＂ in the plots. Readers, by opening and reading with the guide, would thereby have a more profound experience of the main idea of The Peach Blossom Fan.