原住民族法與國家權力之劃分－以加拿大Nunavut法案為例

An Assessment of the Implementation of Legal Commitments on IPs' Rights in Nunavut

陳士章(Shih-Chang Chen)

《台灣原住民族研究季刊》 1卷2期 (2008/06) Pp. 139-163

https://doi.org/10.29910/TJIS.200806.0006

摘要

本文首先檢視原住民族與加拿大政府之間進行法律互動之歷史，指出在原民族權利與國家公權力的層面上，從1982年原民族權利入憲以來，歷經權利主體的意識轉變，原住民族土地權的保障，建立在「原住民族權」或是透過「政府法案」的主張。第二，探討加拿大Inuit族與土地權利之關係，特別是在1975年『詹姆斯灣協定』後，透過多次的協商挑戰聯邦民主與憲政理論的辯論與衝突。第三，努納武特法案之評釋，指出1990年代以來歷次協商的成果與努納武特自治政府相關之內涵。第四，『努納武特法案』與國家權力之關係，針對『努納武特法案』所揭櫫的權利內涵，解構國家權力分立運作下的挑戰，從立法權、行政權以及司法權，與現行台灣體制，作一比較。最後，結論，討論台灣原住民族權利在立法上、行政體制上、法律解釋上以及原住民族權利落實上之未來。

關鍵字

原住民族法 ； 加拿大憲法 ； 努納武特法案

並列摘要

This paper will discuss the legal approaches to establishing local control and autonomy over governance among indigenous peoples in Canada. Firstly, we may look back the legal history of indigenous peoples in Canada, conclude the unfair treat in political, social, economic and cultural faces, and put forward the claim of autonomy in the indigenous movement between Aboriginal Title and Government Act in 1982. Secondly, we make reference to the land right protection in the 1975 ”James Bay and Northern Quebec Native Claims Settlement Act” studies, and political philosophy field on the diversion from theories foundation of Constitution. Comprehensively, I analyzed the laws about Nunavut's autonomy and ”Nunavut Act”, and had opinions with some experiences from Inuit peoples. Therefore, we brought a generalization and comparison about the legal policy enacted by the Inuit of Nunavut have set up their own separate territory and used a public government at the regional level to establish local autonomy, which expected to be the basis or consultation of enacting the Taiwan's indigenous legal system. Finally, with the hermeneutic constitution, we discuss whether legal theory in basic law and Constitution, and provide suggestion opinions the issue.

並列關鍵字

indigenous law ； Canadian Constitution ； "Nunavut Act"

參考文獻

施正鋒()。

胡慶山()。

陳士章()。

陳士章()。

Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act Resource Center. n.d. (http://www.lbblawyers.com/ancsa.htm) (2008/2/10)