布農族社群民族植物利用之初步調查

為了解不同布農族社群的民族植物使用方式差異，自2007年到2008年，採由質性調查法，訪談布農族郡社、巒社、卡社、卓社四個社群的共31位耆老，共記錄54科170種植物，總計421筆紀錄，排序用途類別，狩獵用品有80筆、食用與藥用各78筆、生活工具共69筆，建築26筆，衣飾23筆，祭典用品18筆，樂器8筆。就不同社群來看，依序為巒社162筆、郡社130筆、卓社71筆、卡社17筆。與舊有文獻相較，舊有文獻以藥用植物紀錄最多，目前訪談的祭典用途的民族植物數量減少，但狩獵植物、藥用植物與食用植物仍在布農族耆老記憶中佔有重要的分量。依照植物分科，禾本科、菊科、樟科植物有較多的民族植物種類；依照用途細目區分羅氏鹽膚木、紅檜、臺灣櫸和高山芒使用的多樣性最高，小米、苧麻和臺灣黃藤則發展出複雜的使用工序，這些都是布農族重要的民族植物。

關鍵字

民族植物；布農族；用途類別

並列摘要

In order to understand the different tribes of the Bunun ethnobotany, we used qualitative interview method to investigat 31 elders belonged to Isbukun, Taki-banuaz, Taki-bakha and Taki-tudu tribes during 2007 to 2008. Four hundred and twenty two records belong to 54 families 170 species plants. Sorting the categories of use, 80 records were used as hunting, 78 records for food, 78 records for medicine, 69 records for commodity, 26 records for housing, 23 records for clothing, 18 records for ceremony, and 8 for musical instruments. To divide records into four tribes, Taki-banuaz had 162 records, Isbukun had 130 records, Takitudu had 71 records, and Taki-bakha had 17 records. Compared with the old literature, despite the ceremonies-use plants were forgotten, hunting plants, medicinal plants and food plants were seniors and still occupy an important position within Bunun People's memory. In accordance with plant taxa, Gramineae, Asteraceae, Lauraceae are dominant families. All enthnoplants were classified according to usecategory, Rhus semialata, Chamaecyparis formosensis, Zelkova serrata, and Miscanthus sinensis Anderss var. transmorrisonensis have higher use-item diversity. Foxtail millet, Boehmeria nivea, and Calamus formosanus were developing complex processes of usage, these are the important Bunun ethnoplants.