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傳統智慧創作與特殊權利-評析「原住民族傳統智慧創作保護條例」

Indigenous Intellectual Creations and Sui Generis: A Critical Interpretation of the New Protection Act for the Traditional Intellectual Creations of Indigenous Peoples

摘要


『原住民族傳統智慧創作保護條例』的施行,確認了原住民族傳統智慧創作專用權利為一種平行於市民智慧財產權規範而存在的集體性權利,並由部落或特定或全體原住民族所享有。其立法固然是為了保護並促進原住民族傳統智慧創作之發展,但是在所確認之權利內容與提供之保護範圍與方法上,卻已遠超過憲法與基本法抽象規定之範圍,重新建立了一個與市民法完全平行的新「原住民族特殊權利」概念。這個首部全面有效呈現特殊權利制度,以及在非線型組構憲法下導入特殊權利制度的新法律,勢必引發關於多元文化議題、平行財產權、對市民法之限制,以及對時際法概念之挑戰等在政治與規範上的爭論,進而影響原住民族文化成果之推廣應用。本文除了試圖透過對『原住民族傳統智慧創作保護條例』的基本命題之檢視,尋求有效妥協原住民權利與其應用的解釋方法外,並希望藉此反思向來以單一價值為思維基礎的市民財產法體系之各種命題的合法正當性。

並列摘要


The new Protection Act for the Traditional Intellectual Creations of Indigenous Peoples purporting to ascertain the exclusive right to such a creation, is a sui generis system parallel to the civil law IPs, and also a group right entitled to respective tribe or section of the indigenous peoples of Taiwan. Notwithstanding the protection and enhancement of the development of indigenous cultural creations, the new Act is way ahead on both the range and means of protection assured by the Amendments to the Constitution and the Indigenous Fundamental Law. I. e., the Act has established itself as a completely new sui generis system parallel to the civil law property. Such a new Act, which without precedent introduces the sui generis into a non-lineal pattern of constitutional paradigm, is expected to trigger heavy struggles over the issues pertaining to multiculturalism, parallel property system and the principle of inter-temporal law, and consequently affect the application of the indigenous cultural creations per se. This article is therefore intending to examine the presuppositions based upon which the Act is promulgated, so to reflect the incompatibility of current single value system used to support the civil law property, and to reach out possible solutions compromising the said struggles.

參考文獻


王泰升()。,未出版。
台灣高等法院。2009。〈最高法院98 年台上字第7210 號判決〉(http://jirs.judicial.gov.tw/FJUD/)(2010/10/13)
司法院大法官。2003。〈大法官會議第564 號解釋〉(http://www.judicial.gov.tw/constitutionalcourt/p03_01.asp?expno=564)(2010/10/13)
司法院大法官。1996。〈大法官會議第400 號解釋〉(http://www.judicial.gov.tw/constitutionalcourt/p03_01.asp?expno=400)(2010/10/13)
司法院大法官。1980。〈大法官會議第255 號解釋〉(http://www.judicial.gov.tw/constitutionalcourt/p03_01.asp?expno=255)(2010/10/13)

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