自然保育、文化傳統與國家治理：原住民狩獵爭議的文本分析

本文研究動機目的起於探究自1980年代起，原住民狩獵議題持續在保育團體與原住民權益團體之間，形成高張力的緊張關係。研究方法著重文獻的批判回顧，首先是回顧早期與狩獵相關的立法與修法過程，以及各陣營論述內容之間的衝突。贊成狩獵者提出環境正義，以及狩獵由文化權利到人權與原住民主權的政治權利等論述來支撐；反對者則質疑因為傳統文化的流失、人類沙文主義、山產商品化、動物族群科學調查不足，使當代的狩獵失去正當性。其次本文介1）自然－社會關係的看法，主張自然與社會並非各自獨立，也非完全相互依賴，而是相輔相成；保育的空間則是「連結許多其他時空的效果」。2）傳統與真實性的協商，主張原民性或傳統並非定格於過去時空的不變本質。第三，本文回顧2017年《思想》期刊上的五篇代表不同立場與觀點的文章，以「新對話、舊議題」重新整理新一波有關狩獵的論爭內容，除了反駁部分反對狩獵者的論點之外，我們亦擴充狩獵議題與文化、經濟、政治等難以切割的複雜思考，並對動保團體所主張的荒野想像與救贖提出批判的檢視。本文的發現與結論認為，狩獵議題具備跨領域的本質，需多方探討政策可行性，並持續觀察林務局目前所推動的狩獵自主管理計畫，在將來所可能帶來的改變與衝擊。

關鍵字

原住民；狩獵；自然；傳統文化

並列摘要

The indigenous hunting issues have been the major sources of potential conflicts between indigenous society and the broadly defined environmental groups, especially the animal protection groups. Conflicts often concentrate on different understandings and representations of both Nature and tradition between these two sides. It is necessary to reconsider the different attitudes towards Nature and traditional culture between indigenous knowledge system and environmental groups in order to analyze the issues theoretically. The meaning of Nature to humans has undergone significant changes since industrial revolution. Meanwhile, the colonial expansion of Western powers has resulted into the loss of indigenous sovereignty, the exploitation of nature and the extraction of resources are the inevitable path toward capitalistic development. The mainstream dominant thinking on Nature and wilderness ignores frequently the people who are part of the landscape and participate in its production. Nature and culture become the opposite two ends and the first binary structure of current society. The second binary structure comes from the sharp division between the modernity and the authenticity of tradition. These two binary structures often appearing in the debates on the indigenous hunting lack the consideration of changes occurring in the whole process and tend to freeze the concepts of nature, culture and tradition in the fixed spatio-temporal contexts. The paper reviews the conflicts and theoretical engagements on the indigenous hunting issue in the past two decades and the changes occurring in the last two years. This article will explore the most up-to-date literatures on nature-society relationship, particularly in rethinking the concepts of both tradition and Nature for a critical review.