品種研發創新機制與成果評估

The Innovation and Evaluation of Plant Breeding Research and Development

范宗宸（明仁）(Ming-Jen Fan)

《生物產業科技管理叢刊》 1卷1期 (2009/07) Pp. 85-118

https://doi.org/10.6170/2009.1(1).05

摘要

台灣過去五十年不僅創造出經濟奇蹟，也締造出農業奇蹟，經由大量的引種、研究人員的努力以及良好的育種制度，不僅使主要糧食水稻能自給自足，且質量具佳；雜糧則因農地小，缺競爭力，但利用生產型態的轉變，以精緻栽培也使甘藷、毛豆、紅豆等亦佔有一席之地。蔬菜品種豐富度高，但台灣各地及各時期皆有其適合的品種，其中尤以西瓜、洋香瓜、木瓜等高單價雜交一代的種子，大部由台灣育成出售。而且有品質最好的芒果及質優富變化且可全年生產的鳳梨及蓮霧，另外溫帶水果如梨、桃、草莓都有適合的品種，就連花卉都能締造出蝴蝶蘭王國之美譽，過去品種研發計有水稻105品種，雜糧作物132品種，園藝作物139品種，特用作物29品種，總計405品種，此成果使台灣成為名正言順的福爾摩沙。但由於科技的發達，台灣生活水準的提高，確實使台灣農業的競爭力每況愈下，在知識經濟的今日，惟有有良好的植物品種制度的保護，使過去研發成果不會被盜用，並使育種人員能依品種權之保護獲取該有的利益，而繼續維持及提升品種研發的推動力量，而且也使品種研發的成果能更為發揚光大。

關鍵字

水稻 ； 雜糧作物 ； 園藝作物 ； 特用作物 ； 育種制度 ； 品種權 ； 品種改良

並列摘要

In the past five decades, Taiwan creates not only a huge economic progress, but also an agriculture miracle. The production of rice is sufficient with good quality by perfect breeding system as well as the efforts of researchers and collection material from foreign countries. Dry land corps due to small scale of farms is less competitive in the past, by using the intensive cultivation method, sweet potato, table-use soybean, and adzuki beans become exportable agriculture products. With abundance of vegetables varieties, diversified vegetables are produced according to market demand. Furthermore, the high-priced F1 seeds of those economic crops such as watermelon, muskmelon, papaya, are most produced in Taiwan. By using off-season production method, the pineapple and wax-apple can be produced whole year round. Those temperate fruits such as pear, peach, strawberry, high quality and high yield varieties also had been breeding. Taiwan also enjoys a good reputation as a Phalaenopsis Kingdom for breeding so many good orchid cultivars. In conclusion, 105 cultivars of rice, 132 cultivars of dry land crops, 139 cultivars of horticultural crops, 29 cultivars of special crops, totally 405 cultivars, had been successfully applied in agriculture practice. Taiwan is perfectly justifiable to be named Formosa. However, due to developing of high-tech and upgrade of living standards, the competitiveness of agriculture in Taiwan dramatically declined. Only under a good mechanism for the protection of plant varieties, the fruitful results of R & D and Breeder's Right can be protected. The driving force for R & D and breeding programs will be enhanced and glorified.

並列關鍵字

Rice ； Dry land crops ； Horticultural crops ； Special crops ； Breeding system ； Breeder's Right ； Crop improvement