周原甲骨的數字符號與數字卦

The Digital Symbol of Zhou YuanJia's Bone and Digital Divinatory Symbol

侯雪娟(Xue-Juan Hou)

《大葉大學通識教育學報》 1期 (2008/05) Pp. 27-39

摘要

易學內涵象、數、理是由現象以成數而解理產生關係，象與數皆與卦有關。欲了解古代易學，必須掌握兩項重點，一是卦如何由數變成，這是筮法的關鍵；二是由數而變成的卦，作為占斷依據，儘具象徵意義，此象徵與數字關係又如何？
宋代出土的「安州六器」之一「中方鼎」，銘文有兩個由數位組成的數字卦。郭沫若先生認為「末二奇字殆中之族徽」。而唐蘭先生認為是「特殊形式的文字」，而且是「殷和周以外一個民族的文字」，這種文字都是用數目字當作字母來組成。除了「文字說」、「族徽說」外，有學長認為那是占筮的卦數字符號，符號都是數目字的組合，而且都是由三個或六個數字構成的組合。此外，有部分甲骨，出現卦數字符號加「曰」加「某某」的文例。這種文例與卜辭有明顯的不同，既不與卜兆相應對，文辭也與卜辭不符，如將其奇偶數字化為陽爻、陰爻，卻與八卦的記載吻合。由此，令人不得不與導源于數卜的古代占筮法－八卦聯繫起來。但這些數字卦和《周易》是什麼關係？是否就是早期的《周易》？
本文以周原甲骨的數字符號為材料，依所見材料，可以確定那些數字與記序無關更不是數量詞，故初步設想這些符號是易卦，在前人考釋的基礎上進行探索，從數字卦的內部結構，分析數字卦的排列、次序現象、探討數位、符號與卦的關係，進而從《周易》大衍數成卦法探討西周成卦法的可能。

關鍵字

甲骨 ； 數字卦 ； 象數理

並列摘要

I Ching study intension to be alike counting, is it solve and cut the relation of producing by phenomenon so as to the round number to pay attention to, relate to count alikely all with the divinatory symbol? Is it understand I Ching study ancient times to want, must grasp two focal point, first, how about it become to count divinatory symbol, this is a key to a law of Chi; Second, counted and the divinatory symbol that become, as accounting for giving up the basis, have meaning of symbolizing to the limit, what if this symbolize it with the digital relation?
This text depends on the finding material as the material with the original digital symbol of Jia bone of week, can confirm figure those have no relations with writing the preface not even numeral-classifier compound, imagine symbol these to exchange divinatory symbol tentatively, explore on the basis of the thing that forefathers did in the test and cleared up, the inside structure from the digital divinatory symbol, analyse permutation, order phenomenon, relation to probe into digit, symbol and divinatory symbol of the digital divinatory symbol, and then from heavy to is it is it succeed divinatory symbol law probe into the west become possibility, divinatory symbol of law week to count to spread out.

並列關鍵字

Jia bone ； digital divinatory symbol ； like mathematics and physics

參考文獻

曹瑋(2002)。周原甲骨文。北京世界圖書出版公司。

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朱伯崑(1994)。易學哲學史。北京華夏出版社。

孔繁詩(1986)。易經說卦撰暨卦變研究。晴園印刷事業有限公司。