自然生態對生命教育的探討與啟示

人類，被稱為道德的動物。在社群每日的生活中，都充滿「選擇」，尤其是面對生命的價值與存在時，如何選擇便成為道德行為重要的基礎。然而，人類，也是自然生態中的一種生物，在生物演化的歷史中，身為自然生物的一員，在漫長的生物演化歷程，對生態現象的理解，人類道德行為的產生與自然生物的演化歷程似乎有緊密的關聯性。因此，生物行為的演化與人類面對生命時的選擇有何關聯性，便是本文探討的主題與目的。本文試圖經由生物演化的理論－演化穩定策略－與生物行為的演化兩大主軸，與哲學之道德理論、心理學的觀點，以人類社會所發生的實際案例共同探討「天道、地道與人道」、「自然之人與人之本性」與「自然之法與道法自然」等三個面向，提出對於人類之自然生命與社群行為的反思，作為生命教育的理論基礎。

關鍵字

生命教育；演化穩定策略；人類本性；道德行為；生物哲學

並列摘要

Human, is always called moral animals. In human's societies, living being filled with ”choosing” everyday, how to choose has become the most important basis of moral behaviors, especially when we face the value and existence of our life. However, human is also an organism in natural ecology. In evolutionary history of organisms, being one of natural organisms, in the long biological evolutionary processes, underlying the comprehension of ecological phenomena, there seem tight connections between the birth of human morality and the evolutionary process of natural organisms. So, the aim of this article is to interpret the correlation between the evolution of biological behavior and the choices of human facing the life. In this article, ”natural laws and human laws”, ”human in nature and nature of human” and ”laws of nature and laws from nature” are explored by the dimensions of evolutionarily stable strategy ESS) and the evolution of ideological behavior, integrated with moral theories of philosophy and the view of psychology, compared with the cases happened in human societies. The reflections of the natural life and social behavior of human can be suggested as the fundamentals of life education.