神聖的書寫－文字、經學與霸權

中國崇拜文字，將文字視為神聖的產物，這種心態從何而來，又產生什麼影響？文字是文明的指標之一，西方視表音文字為語言的符號，遠離心靈，是符號的符號，是第二義的，中文則是表意文字，被視為第二語言，甚至因為文字的不在場性而被神聖化。雖然先秦時代也曾有過語言、文字重要性的辯證，但是漢代之後語言的重要性被弱化，經學確立文字的重要性，文字甚至被視為統治的重要根基－王政之始－文字不但是古代的文獻，也是直通聖人心意的依據，掌握文字者不但可以掌握知識，也具有統治合法權的象徵意義。而漢武帝獨尊儒術，經學成為政治意識形態滲透進入社會生活的各個層面，甚至外交、斷獄、經濟生活等，都透過經學文字訓詁為施政依據。

關鍵字

文字；經學；霸權；文化霸權

並列摘要

China admires characters and deems them as the sacred products. What renders such an attitude and what kind of impact has it produced? Characters are one indicator of the civilization. In the western societies, the phonetic written words are symbols of languages away from the mind since they are symbols with the secondary significance. In China, characters representing the written words with significance are the second language; moreover, they are sacred for the absence of written words. Despite the speculation of languages and characters in early Chin Dynasty, the importance of languages was weakened after Han Dynasty. Therefore, the Confucian classical studies firmed up the importance of characters; consequently, characters are deemed as the critical fundamental of domination-the beginning of royal governance- characters are both the ancient literature and a basis of roads to the saints' minds. Therefore, those who master characters not only grasp the knowledge but also own the symbolic significance of dominant legitimacy. In addition, that Emperor Han Wu exclusively honored Confucian classical studies rendered that the Confucian classical studies became the political ideology to penetrate into all dimensions of social life, including diplomacy, adjudication and economic life. The basis of political measures all came from the characters in the Confucian classical studies.