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從我國環境立法探究環境行政與倫理問題

摘要


面對生態環境不斷惡化以及環境保護意識高漲之同時,人類的文明的腳步是否應該同步地反省、並且設法彌補所留下對於生態環境傷害的足跡。這是「環境倫理」所要回答的基本問題----我們「為什麼」負有對於保護環境無可旁貸的責任。一旦這個責任是確定的,除了做為組成社會最小單位的個人或家庭,必須有自身的意識覺醒之外,國家在環境生態保護的責任中,又是否應該積極而有效地立法與管制,以「最低層次的規範」和「最後守門員的角色」證明其環保國、法治國之正當性基礎。多年來,國內有關環境權入憲、制訂環境基本法、制訂環境影響評估法等議題可謂甚囂塵上,而此等「環境規範」在積極法制化的過程中,是否真的找到了對於環境保護善盡國家責任的有效答案呢?而既存的法制構架中,又存在著什麼樣的疏漏與盲點?本文擬就目前存在於法制中仍值得深思的問題,包括環境憲法、環境基本法、環境影響評估法以及環境行政等不同層次,粗略地提出若干反省;繼而就未來倫理的概念出發,反思對於環境保護「未來責任」的問題。希望透過對於未來責任建構的倫理學面向,為自詡為萬物之靈的每一份子,特別是環境的立法者、執法者以及評估者提供一個思考的角度。

並列摘要


Seeing that kinds of world-wide pollutions are increasing in the speed and in the way that we human being could hardly deal with and the environmental protection therefore comparatively become nowadays more and more important and urgent, we have no choice but to ask ourselves that how can we try to make some compensation for any damage we did to the environment. Based on the subject of environment ethics, we are obliged to the people's future especially for the coming technological age. Besides, the government, with the ethical responsibility, plays a basic role to achieve the goal at the part of legislation and administration. This article mainly and briefly focuses on the issues in which situations must be improved, and the obligations from which we should not escape.

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