《論語．為政》「先行其言而後從之」章芻議

Issue about ---《Analects．Wei Cheng》-Zi Gong Asked a Question about Jun Zi.

高志成(Chih-Cheng Kao)

《國立臺中科技大學通識教育學報》 6期 (2018/12) Pp. 57-88

https://doi.org/10.7052/JGE.201812_(6).0003

摘要

《論語．為政》「子貢問君子。子曰：『先行其言而後從之。』」自《集解》、《集注》以來之闡釋，傾向於是孔子「因材施教」之教學原則，對子貢利口巧辭而黜其辯，希望他可以改進後而「言行相副」。然而就斷句而言，有「先行，其言而後從之」之版本，而王夫之也認為子貢嚴謹「慎言」；藉此線索，本研究試從「問」、「問君子」、「子貢問君子」等角度切入，考察子貢不僅不是「多言」，而孔子也非對其多言之警策，乃是有著對其具體功業之肯定。另外，透過時空背景假設，子貢之「問」，並不是問自己，而是問孔子面對挑戰時的態度與價值觀。

關鍵字

論語 ； 子貢 ； 君子 ； 言行相副

並列摘要

《Analects．Wei Cheng》＂Zi Gong asked a question about Jun Zi. Confucius said: 'Practice your theory first, and stick to it.'＂ We have always learned from the illustrations from《Ji Jie》and《Ji Zhu》that Confucius upheld the principle to teach students in accordance with their aptitude. He criticized Zi Gong for being argumentative, and taught him to live up to his word. However, in terms of the punctuation, the sentence can be deciphered as ＂Practice your theory first, and the later generations will follow your deeds.＂ Scholar Wang Fu Zi from Qing Dynasty also considered Zi Gong to be careful with speaking. Accodingly, this research is based on multiple points of view, including ＂asking＂, ＂asking a question about Jun Zi＂, and ＂Zi Gong asking Confucius about Jun Zi.＂ We can conclude that Zi Gong was neither argumentative, nor did Confucius negate his behavior. Instead, Confucius approved Zi Gong's specific deeds. In addition, through the hypothesis of time and space, the question Zi Gong asked about Jun Zi is more about the attitude and values Confucius held when facing challenges than about himself.

並列關鍵字

Analectas ； Zi Gong ； Jun Zi ； 「Walk the walk, don't just talk the talk.」

參考文獻

漢司馬遷(1987)。史記。臺北:鼎文書局。

漢韓嬰、許維遹校釋(1980)。韓詩外傳。北京:中華書局。

魏王肅、張濤注譯(1998)。孔子家語注譯。西安:三泰出版社。

唐韓愈、唐李翺(1983)。論語筆解。

宋朱子(1987)。四書章句集注。臺北:大安出版社。