社區老人日常生活活動、生活品質與幸福感之相關研究

Correlation among Activities of Daily Living, Quality of Life, and Sense of Well-being in Elderly Community Dwellers

楊桂芬(Kuei-Fen Yang) ； 許哲瀚(Che-Han Hsu) ； 唐憶淨(Yih-Jing Tang) ； 龔建吉(Chien-Chi Kung)

《台灣老年醫學暨老年學雜誌》 7卷4期 (2012/11) Pp. 217-232

https://doi.org/10.29461/TGG.201211.0002

摘要

目的：台灣65歲以上老年人人口比率將近11.0%，老化指數與依賴比逐年攀高，關切老年人的生活議題，才能了解老化社會之所需。本研究旨在探討社區老人的日常生活活動能力、生活品質與幸福感受之相關性，進一步並分析影響幸福感的相關因素。方法：採橫斷式研究，以方便取樣調查300位台中市社區65歲以上老人。收案先接受心智狀態量表評估，確定無認知功能障礙，以日常生活活動功能量表、工具性日常生活活動量表、生活品質量表及幸福感量表為研究工具，採一對一個別訪談方式評量老人生活情況。結果：研究對象平均年齡80.8 ± 6.5歲，巴氏量表評量平均分數為91.9 ± 14.6分，個案基本日常生活活動多未受到限制。工具性日常生活功能以「食物製備」依賴比率最高。研究社區老人的生活品質量表EQ-5D指標平均得分13.6 ± 1.7，自評健康EQ-5D VAS平均分數67.5 ± 17.8分，幸福感平均得分6.0 ± 3.2分，代表著幸福感偏正向。不同年齡、教育程度、宗教信仰及服藥狀況的社區老人社會人口學變項對幸福感呈顯著差異。皮爾森積差相關統計分析發現日常生活活動、生活品質與幸福感呈顯著正相關，多元逐步迴歸分析結果以EQ-5D指標的預測力最佳。結論：老年人日常生活活動、生活品質與幸福感顯著相關，建議提高社區老人幸福的生活品質，應促進其行動與自我照顧能力並改善疾病狀況，以在高齡社會來臨之際，增加老人幸福感向成功老化邁進。

關鍵字

日常生活活動 ； 生活品質 ； 幸福感 ； 老人

並列摘要

Objectives: Citizens over 65 years old have grown to round up for nearly 11.0% of the total population in Taiwan while the aging index and old-age dependency ratio have been on a constant rise. To better meet the needs of the aging society in Taiwan, more and closer attention needs to be directed to issues concerning senior citizens. The purposes of this study were to explore the correlation among activities of daily living, quality of life, and sense of well-being in elderly community dwellers and to further analyze the factors influencing an elderly person's sense of well-being. Method: Adopting a cross-sectional method based on convenience sampling, the study surveyed 300 community-dwelling citizens aged over 65 years old in Taichung City. Each subject receive MMSE to rule out mental disorder prior to sampling. The measurement tools employed included structured questionnaires of Barthel Index, IADL, EQ-5D, and well-being. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, and SPSS 17.0 was used to conduct descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. Results: The average age of the surveyed elderly was 80.8 ± 6.5 years old. The average score of Barthel Index was 91.9 ± 14.6, and the daily activities of most of elders were fully independent. The most dependent item of IADL examination was food preparation. The EQ-5D index score was 13.6 ± 1.7 and the VAS of self-rated health 67.5 ± 17.8. Most of the elderly community dwellers were optimistic as indicated by the 6.0 ± 3.2 average score of well-being. Four exogenous factors were identified to cause significant differences in one’s sense of well-being: age, education, religion, and medication. The sense of well-being appeared to be positively correlated to ADL and QoL by Pearson correlation statistical analysis. EQ-5D index emerged from regression analysis as the best predictor. Conclusion: It has to be stressed that helping the elderly community dwellers promote their mobility and self-care ability and providing them with assistance in disease prevention and treatment are keys to enhance their quality of life and sense of well-being and to achieve the goal of successful aging.

並列關鍵字

activities of daily living (ADL) ； quality of life (QoL) ； well-being ； the elderly