某偏遠社區老人之營養狀況及相關因素之研究

Nutritional Status and Associated Factors of the Elderly in a Remote Community

林昀柔(Yun-Jou Lin) ； 吳幸娟(Hsin-Chuan Wu) ； 郭碧梅(Bi-Mei Buo) ； 張秦松(Chin-Sung Chang) ； 張尹凡(Yin-Fan Chang) ； 劉秉彥(Ping-Yen Liu) ； 侯孟次(Meng-Tzu Hou) ； 黃珮嘉(Pei-Chia Huang) ； 陳全裕(Chuan-Yu Chen) ； 吳至行(Chih-Hsing Wu)

《台灣老年醫學暨老年學雜誌》 8卷3期 (2013/08) Pp. 186-201

https://doi.org/10.29461/TGG.201308_8(3).0004

摘要

前言：人口老化是一種全球性的現象，在台灣，偏遠社區的老化程度尤其嚴重。然而，國內對此類偏鄉地區進行營養狀況調查之研究仍顯不足；因此，本研究之目的在瞭解田寮偏遠社區老人之營養狀況，並探討其相關影響因子。方法：針對高雄市田寮區老人進行全鄉隨機抽樣，經排除空戶、拒訪等因素，總共納入548位65歲以上老年男女為研究對象。由訪員以面對面的結構式問卷調查個案基本資料與生活型態等。採用迷你營養評估表（採長式簡易營養評估）做為篩檢工具，將評估結果分為營養良好及具營養不良危險性兩組，並討論其相關影響因素。結果：具營養不良危險的老人有100人（18.2%）；高齡者、女性、經濟收入較差、未接受教育、無配偶、體重過輕、未從事中等活動及一年內曾跌倒者，其營養不良比率較高。在邏輯斯迴歸分析中亦顯示，性別、身體質量指數、跌倒、疾病總數及認知功能等變數，皆與老人營養狀況不良之呈顯著相關。結論：本研究建議針對女性、經濟狀況、教育水準低、無配偶、體重過輕、曾跌倒等有營養狀況較差傾向的老人，提供更多營養及醫療照護與關注，以改善偏遠社區老人之營養問題。

關鍵字

老年人 ； 偏遠社區 ； 迷你營養評估 ； 營養狀況

並列摘要

Objectives: While population aging is a global trend, it is particularly serious in the remote communities of Taiwan as no sufficient nutritional analysis on this specific population has been conducted. Therefore, as an attempt to improve the situation, this study aims to understand the nutritional statsu of the elderly people in the Tianliao District of Kaohsiung City and identify the relevant factors that impact their nutritional status.Method: We performed random sampling of the elderly people in Kaohsiung's Tianliao District. After excluding invalid samples, such as those registered under empty households and those declining the interview, our study interviewed a total of 548 men and women ageed 65 years or over. Each subject received a face-to-face interview and answered a structured questionnaire including questions related to demographic backgrounds and lifestyles. A mini nutritional assessment (long form-MNA) was then used as a screening tool to divide the samples into two groups: those who were well-nourished and those who were at risk of malnourishment. Relevant factors were then examined.Results: The study shows that 18.2% of the elderly were at risk of malnourishment. Study results indicate that those who were high-aged, female, low in income, uneducated, unmarried, underweight, as well as those who did not engage in activities or had experienced falls in the past year, are more likely to be malnourished. Using regression analysis, the study further identifies gender, body mass index, fall, disease and cognitive function as significant factors influencing the nutritional statsu of the elderly.Conclusions: Our study suggests that more nutritional and medical care should be provided for aging people who are female, low in income, uneducated, unmarried, low in body mass index or with experience of falling in the past year, to improve the overall nutritional status of the elderly in rural communities.

並列關鍵字

the elderly ； rural community ； mini nutritional assessment ； nutritional situation