老人社區型肺炎之預防

Prevention of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Older Adults

王牧羣(Mu-Cyun Wang) ； 楊鎮嘉(Jen-Jia Yang) ； 黎家銘(Chia-Ming Li)

《台灣老年醫學暨老年學雜誌》 12卷1期 (2017/02) Pp. 20-28

https://doi.org/10.29461/TGG.201702_12(1).0002

摘要

肺炎是國人的第三大死因，也是65歲以上老人的第三大死因，對於老人健康與生命影響甚鉅，老人除了肺功能和整體免疫力下降，也有較高比率因老化或中樞神經疾病造成吞嚥困難或咳嗽反射減退，增加下呼吸道感染的風險。本文基於預防勝於治療，回顧近年關於社區型肺炎預防的醫學文獻，包括疫苗注射、藥物預防、鼻胃管餵食、預防腦血管疾病、口腔衛生等，另外要小心使用制酸劑和安眠鎮靜藥物。期能有助於從事老人醫療的醫護人員提供更有效的肺炎預防策略。

關鍵字

社區型肺炎 ； 吸入性肺炎 ； 肺炎鏈球菌 ； 流行性感冒 ； 吞嚥困難 ； 口腔衛生 ； 肺炎預防

並列摘要

Being the third leading cause of death, and also the third leading cause of death in those aged 65 and older in Taiwan, pneumonia is a life-threatening disease in older adults. The susceptibility of pneumonia in elderly is owing to impaired respiratory and immune function, and also dysphagia and impaired cough reflex caused by aging or central nervous system diseases. Since prevention is better than cure, we reviewed recent literature related to the prevention of community-acquired pneumonia in older adults, covering issues concerning immunization, medication, tube feeding, and cerebrovascular disease prevention, oral hygiene, and the safe use of antacids and sedatives-hypnotics. Results of the study can be expected to help geriatric professionals develop and implement more effective strategies for pneumonia prevention.

並列關鍵字

community-acquired pneumonia ； aspiration pneumonia ； Streptococcus pneumonia ； influenza ； dysphagia ； oral hygiene ； pneumonia prevention