血液透析病人的口腔健康狀況與相關因索之探討

Associated Factors of Oral Health Status in Hemodialysis Patients

吳淑麗(Shu-Li Wu) ； 黃純德(Shun-Te Huang)

《Taiwan Journal of Oral Medicine Sciences》 26卷3期 (2010/12) Pp. 160-181

https://doi.org/10.7059/TJOMS.201012.0160

摘要

血液透析患者牙周狀態屬於中至嚴重程度，且健康不良情形也極為廣泛，而口腔健康情形不被重視。而國內有關研究也闕乏，故引發研究者動機。本研究以接受常規血液透析的病患為對象，採用問卷調查與口腔檢查，旨在探討透析病患口腔健康狀況與疾病間之相關因素。本研究共收案96位，其結果DMFT指數17.43顆，齲齒數4.91顆、缺牙數10.48顆，填補數1.08顆，齲齒率81.25%、缺牙率96.88%、填補率26.06%。34.4%有主動要求吃甜食的習慣，以每月少於6次以下39.58%佔多數。84.4%個案能自行刷牙，一天刷牙2次(54.2%)。92.7%曾看過牙醫，79.8%看診原因為牙痛。碎屑指數＞1/3以上佔73.96%、牙結石＞1/3以上佔46%、牙齦炎中、重度佔88.55%，需製作上、下顎假牙有36.46%、32.29%，上、下顎需要補綴復形有21.9%、32.29%，本研究認為影響血液透析病患DMFT指數及缺牙數是重要因素，個案有吃甜食習慣又沒定期做口腔檢查，選擇刷牙方式及合併其他疾病，使得口腔健康問題更為嚴重，此結果以提供臨床護理人員在職教育及執行衛生教育指導之規劃參考，而提升透析病患口腔照護與透析品質。

關鍵字

血液透析 ； 口腔健康狀況 ； 齲齒經驗指數

並列摘要

Hemodialysis patients are a catastrophic illness major disease. More over, unhealthy problems and poor health status were not taken seriously. It is noted that the status of oral health issue is ignored easily; therefore, this study aims to investigate the factors influencing oral health status and related disease among dialysis patients. This study recruited 96 regular hemodialysis patients in a regional teaching hospital in southern Taiwan. Questionnaires and oral examination were applied in this study to investigate the relationship between oral health condition and other diseases. The result showed that DMFT index was 17.43, and the numbers of dental caries was 4.91, missing teeth was 10.48, filled teeth were 1.08 and the caries prevalence rate was 81.25%, respectively. 34% of dialysis patients were requested to eat sweets; the average number of eating sweet less than 6 times per month were 39.58% (n=38), 30.21% were less than 3 times per week. Most of the participants were able to brush their own teeth (84.4%), 54.2% participants brush teeth twice a day. 92.7% participants have been to a dentist; dentist visits were accounted for 79.8% while toothache occurs. Debris index greater than one-third or more was accounted for 73.96%, 46% more than one-third of dental calculus, and 88.55% with moderate and severe gingivitis. 36.46% and 32.29% patients needed upper and lower jaw dentures; 21.9% and 32.29% needed upper and lower jaw denture repair. It is concluded that DMFT index and numbers of missing teeth were the important factors that would be affected hemodialysis patients' oral health program. It is found that participants in this study with seriously oral health program related to habit of eating sweets without regularly dental check, brushing method selections and other diseases complications. The contributions may be significant to nursing staff continuing education and health education to increase quality of oral health and dialysis among hemodialysis patients.

並列關鍵字

Hemodialysis ； oral health status ； DMFT index