急診室病患家屬壓力感受及其因應策略之探討

Stress Perceptions and Coping Strategies of Family Members of Emergency Department Patients

許郁卿(Yu-Chin Hsu) ； 馬鳳歧(Fung-Chi Ma) ； 林麗君(Li-Chun Lin) ； 劉麗芳(Li-Fung Lau)

《護理暨健康照護研究》 5卷3期 (2009/09) Pp. 201-210

https://doi.org/10.6225/JNHR.5.3.201

摘要

背景　急診為遭遇突發疾患時第一求援場所，病患家屬承受極大壓力，護理人員如未能及時協助正向因應，容易導致衝突產生。
目的　本研究旨在探討急診室病患家屬壓力感受及其因應策略相關性。
方法　本研究系採橫斷式描述性研究設計，以結構式問卷「家屬壓力量表」與「家屬因應策略量表」為研究工具，專家內容效度分別為.77與.79。採方便取樣，以中部某區域醫院200位急診病患家屬為對象。以SPSS套裝軟體統計次數分配、百分比、單因子變數、t檢定、薛費氏事後檢定與皮爾森積差相關檢定各變項關係。
結果　研究顯示家屬於整體壓力感受為「中度壓力」到「很大壓力」間，整體因應策略使用為「甚少如此」到「有時如此」間；家庭總收入與個人壓力感受、陪同病患就診次數與環境壓力感受皆達顯著差異；家屬性別、婚姻狀況與情緒取向因應策略達顯著差異；檢傷分類級數與個人壓力感受、問題取向因應策略有顯著差異；急診就診次數則與情緒取向因應策略達顯著差異。
結論／實務應用　綜言之，壓力感受與問題取向因應策略呈顯著相關，推論家屬在面對病患急診就診時感受壓力事件，多以問題取向因應策略面對。研究結果可作為未來護理實務、行政及教育等方面參考。

關鍵字

急診室 ； 家屬 ； 壓力 ； 因應

並列摘要

Background: The emergency department (ED) is the first place to which patients and their families turn for help in the face of sudden illness. Family members who accompany patients in the ED are typically under great stress. Nursing staff who fail to respond to patient needs in a timely manner face elevated risk of conflict with patient family members.
Purpose: This study aimed to explore stress perceptions and coping strategies amongst patient family members in an emergency department.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design and two structured questionnaires addressing, respectively, family member stress perceptions and family member coping strategies were applied. Content validity for the two questionnaires was .77 and .79, respectively. A convenience sample of 200 family members of patients treated at regional hospitals in Central Taiwan was selected. Correlations between variables were analyzed using SPSS/PC Windows for frequency distribution, percentage, one-way ANOVA, t-test, post Scheffe's test and Pearson product-moment.
Results: Family stress levels amongst participants ranged from ”moderate” to ”high”, with coping strategies applied ”rarely” to ”sometimes”. Variables ”income and personal stress”, ”times accompanying patients to the ED” and ”environmental stress” were identified as having a significant influence on subject responses. Variables including ”gender, martial status, and emotion-focused coping strategies”, ”triage degree, personal stress, and problem-focused coping strategies” and ”number of patient visits to ED and emotion-focused coping strategies” resulted in differences that were not significant.
Conclusions/Implications for Practice: A positive correlation was found between family stress perceptions and utilization of problem-focused coping strategies. This means that when family members perceive more stress, they should be more apt to apply problem-focused coping strategies. This study may be a valuable reference for nursing practice, administration and education in the future.

並列關鍵字

emergency department ED ； family members ； stress ； coping