雙層鋼板密封墊片之有限元素分析

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF DOUBLE-LAYER STEEL PLATE GASKET

黃憲輝(Hsien-Hui Huang) ； 張志毅(Chih-Yi Chang)

《南亞學報》 40期 (2020/12) Pp. 1-24

摘要

引擎為汽車及工程機械設備中提供動力來源的重要總成組件，由多個零件及多個次級組件構成，透過墊片（Gasket）來達成各組件之間的密封需求，墊片為一密封功能零件，主要的功能是防止工作介質如氣體、液體、氣液混合體於各個零組件之間洩漏的現象，而墊片密封性能可由運作時墊片的接觸壓力來判斷，當墊片接觸壓力小於工作介質壓力時即可能發生洩漏現象，但對於變動劇烈的引擎汽缸壓力，則需要多層墊片的回彈性能才能阻擋汽缸內氣體的洩漏。本研究探討雙層鋼板密封墊片，在廠商提供之螺栓鎖緊扭矩條件下，分析雙層墊片的密封性能是否符合工作環境之需求。除了以有限元素法模擬雙層鋼板墊片在工作負載下的變形行為之外，還設計製作一個檢測治具，以富士感壓紙實驗驗證雙層墊片之接觸壓力分佈趨勢符合實際狀態。在分析過程發現增加螺栓扭矩負載未必能增加墊片之接觸壓力，反而有可能因為治具翹曲而得到反效果，因此必須透過詳細的分析才能提供適當的螺栓負載。利用本研究的分析方法，可以更明確瞭解在廠商提供之螺栓鎖緊扭矩之下，雙層鋼板墊片的密封能力與變形行為，對於預測雙層鋼板墊片之密封性能將有非常大的助益。

關鍵字

雙層鋼板密封墊片 ； 有限元素分析 ； 接觸壓力 ； 鎖緊扭矩

並列摘要

The engine is an important assembly component that provides a source of power in automobiles and construction machinery equipment. It is composed of multiple parts and multiple secondary components. The gaskets are used to achieve the sealing requirements between the components. Gasket is a sealed functional part to prevent the leakage of working medium such as gas, liquid, gas-liquid mixture between various components. The important basis for gasket sealing performance can be judged by the contact pressure of the gasket during operation. When the gasket contact pressure is less than the working medium pressure, leakage may occur. This study explores the double-layer steel plate gaskets. Under the bolt tightening torque provided by the manufacturer, analyze whether the sealing performance of the double-layer gaskets meets the requirements of the working environment. In addition to using the finite element method to simulate the deformation behavior of the double-layer steel plate gasket under working load, a test fixture was also designed to verify the distribution trend of the contact pressure distribution of the double-layer gasket with the actual working state by Fuji test. It was found that increasing the bolt torque load may not increase the contact pressure of the gasket, but it may have a negative effect due to the warpage of the fixture. Therefore, a detailed analysis is necessary to provide the appropriate bolt load. By this study, we can more clearly understand the sealing capacity and deformation behavior of the double-layer steel plate gasket under the bolt tightening torque provided by the manufacturer. It will be very helpful for predicting the sealing performance of double-layer steel gaskets.

並列關鍵字

double-layer steel gasket ； finite element method ； contact pressure ； tightening torque