優秀競速溜冰選手膝關節肌力及平衡能力特徵

目的：探討優秀競速溜冰選手膝關節肌力及平衡能力的特徵。方法：實驗參與者為12名優秀男性競速溜冰選手（年齡19.79±3.29歲；身高為173.68±5.57公分；體重為64.12±6.61公斤），透過等速肌力儀檢測在五個角速度下（60°/s、120°/s、180°/s、240°/s及300°/s）的膝關節肌力相關參數；平衡能力則透過測力板及MARS（Measurement, Analysis& Reporting Software）套裝軟體來檢測睜眼及閉眼情境下的單足站立足底壓力中心（center of pressure, COP）每秒位移面積。所得數據先使用重複量數二因子變異數分析比較左／右膝屈肌及伸肌在五個角速度之差異；再用成對樣本t檢定來考驗分析左右腳靜態平衡能力是否具有差異性，自變項為左膝及右膝、屈伸肌（屈肌：Flexor；伸肌：Extensor），依變項為膝關節肌力參數，顯著水準α=.05。結果：1.膝關節肌力呈現出的特徵為：在高角速度（180°/s、240°/s）下，左膝伸肌於「至最大力矩時間」（time to peak torque）參數中顯著低於右膝伸肌（p＜.05）；2.在平衡能力方面，左腳的單足站立COP每秒位移面積參數顯著低於右腳（p＜.05）。結論：透過本研究可具體呈現優秀競速溜冰選手的膝關節肌力及平衡能力特徵，進一步和國際優秀選手比較發現，在膝關節伸肌上普遍優於國際選手，但在屈肌則無此特徵。

關鍵字

等速肌力；角速度；屈肌／伸肌比

並列摘要

Purpose: To explore the characteristics of the knee muscle strength and balance ability of excellent speed skaters and compare the relevant parameters of Taiwanese athletes with those of international excellent speed skaters. Methods: The participants were 12 excellent male speed skaters (19.79 ± 3.29 years old; (height) 173.68 ± 5.57 cm; (weight) 64.12 ±6.61 kg). The knee joint muscle strength was measured at five angular velocities by isokinetic muscle machine (60°/s, 120°/s, 180°/s, 240°/s and 300°/s),and related parameters were collected. Balance ability was assessed by using the MARS package software to measure the center of pressure (COP) area when single-leg standing with eyes opened and with eyes closed respectively. Statistical methods: 1. Knee joint muscles strength was analyzed by repeated measures of two-way ANOVA, and the significant level was set at α = .05. The independent variables were left knee and right knee, flexors and extensors, the dependent variable is the knee muscle strength parameter. 2. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the differences of balance ability between the left and right foot. Results:1. At the high angular velocity(180°/s、240°/s), the ＂time to peak torque＂ of the left knee extensors was significantly lower than the right knee extensors (p＜ .05); 2.The COP area of standing on left foot is less than standing on right foot; 3.Compared with the international skaters, the maximum flexor muscle strength of the Taiwanese skaters at five angular velocity, whether in the left or right knee, was generally lower than that of the international skaters. However, the maximum extensor muscle strength of Taiwanese elite skaters was better than the international skaters at 60 °/ sec, 120 °/ sec, 180 °/ sec and 300 °/ sec. Conclusion: This study presents the characteristics of knee muscle strength and balance ability of elite speed skaters. When making a comparison with international elite skaters, it is found that the knee extensors of Taiwanese elite skaters are generally better than international skaters, but the flexors do not have such characteristics.