「蕩寇」新解：〈新蕩寇志〉對日本「國體」、「神風」思想的闡發及作者謝雪漁的政治理想

New Explanation on 'Dang Kou': The Influence of "Xin Dang Kou Zhi" on Japanese Thoughts of 'the State System' and 'Shen Feng' as well as the Author, Shieh, Shueh-Yu's Political Ideal

林以衡(Yi-Heng Lin)

《嘉大中文學報》 2期 (2009/09) Pp. 169-203

https://doi.org/10.29892/JCLNCU.200909.0008

摘要

昭和11年（1936），刊登於《臺灣日日新報》上、由臺灣文人謝雪漁所作的中篇歷史小說〈新蕩寇志〉，與俞萬春所著的《蕩寇志》間存在著續衍關係。由內容考察，〈新蕩寇志〉借用《蕩寇志》中維護皇權、剿滅盜匪的信念，作為寫作重點。不過，在殖民統治的影響下，作者藉由「元軍侵日」的歷史事件，將《蕩寇志》中，對中國帝王的皇權維護改為效忠日本天皇的皇權，同時，也摻雜更多對於日本神國思想的想像和宣揚。本文首先藉由中、日兩國共同使用漢字作為表記符號的特點，探究〈新蕩寇志〉所要蕩的「寇」，除了小說中所要剿滅、違害社會法律的「惡黨」外，最終指向的，其實是自外入侵的「元寇」。其次，在內容方面，本文爬梳作者謝雪漁「反幕」、「尊君」以及提倡「國體」精神的政治觀念，並藉由歷史的錯置（dislocation）、想像，與中國章回小說的借用，使得讓元軍連續慘敗兩次的「神風」，如同「元寇」般，被作為配合昭和年間、日本軍國主義對外侵略時，皇國自尊精神的培養。最後，本文將指出，謝雪漁在面對現實上的殖民政治，與追尋對中國的文化記憶時，所流露出對於「桃花源」理想世界的建構，不但顯示作者寄托日本對外侵略，得以重整東亞世界的想法，作者為何書寫〈新蕩寇志〉的寫作動機，也將在應和日本軍國主義的前提下，更為清楚地顯現。

關鍵字

蕩寇志 ； 謝雪漁 ； 國體 ； 神風 ； 桃花源

並列摘要

In Year 11 of Zhao-He (1936), a historical story ”Xin Dang Kou Zhi” (a new version of Eliminating Bandits) written by a Taiwanese writer, Shieh, Shueh-Yu, was published in the newspaper ”Taiwan Ri Ri Xin Daily News.” This new version of Eliminating Bandits was a Sequel of an earlier historical story ”Dang Kou Zhi” written by Yu, Wan-Chun.The focusin ”Xin Dang Kou Zhi” followed the main themes of maintaining imperial power and eliminating bandits in ”Dang Kou Zhi.” But under the influence of colonial rule, the author changed the part of loyalty to Chinese emperor to loyalty to Japanese emperor, inspired by a historical event of ”Invading Japan by Yuan Army.” Meanwhile, the author added in ”Xin Dang Kou Zhi” more propaganda to support Japanese idea of ”Shen Guo.”In this article, the author first explores the meaning of the word ”Kou” in ”Xin Dang Kuo Zhi” since ”Kuo” is a Chinese character used by both Chinese and Japanese. In addition to the bandits who violate the social order, the word ”Kou” in fact means ”Yuan Bandits” (Army from Yuan Dynasty). Secondly, the author also explores Shieh, Shueh-Yu's political ideal through ”Xin Dang Kou Zhi,” such as repecting Japanese emporer, as well as Shieh's following the format of traditional Chinese novels and using a writing technique ”dislocation” to develop the storyline in ”Xin Dang Kou Zhi.”In the novel, Shieh tried to describe how Japanese ”Shen Feng” were similar to ”Yuan Bandits” and defeated the army from Yuan Dynasty twice in order to boost Japanese self-estem to support Japanese invasion to other countries during the years of Zhao-He. Finally in this article, the author points out that Hsteh, Hsueh-Yu facing the reality of Japanese colonial rule and pursuing the cultural memory of China, wished to see the build of a ”Garden of Peach trees” (utopia). It is rather obvious that the motive for Shieh, who was under great influence of Japanese militarism, was to support Japanese invasion to reach the goal of reforming East Asian countries.

並列關鍵字

Dang Kou Zhi ； Shieh ； Shueh-Yu ； state system ； Shen Feng ； utopia