楊時「觀中」心法對門人靜坐主張的啟發與影響

The Inspiration and Influence of Yang Shi's ＂Observe Zhong＂ Method on Students' Position on Meditation

梁巧燕(Chiao Yen-Liang)

《嘉大中文學報》 13期 (2020/03) Pp. 73-96

摘要

本文從楊時「觀中」心法的脈絡進行考察，並在其師承關係中分析楊時與靜坐法門之間的交涉，以及他在「靜中體驗」之議題上，對門人羅從彥、李侗所產生的啟發與影響。本文指出，楊時雖從未明言以「靜坐」作為其入道之「觀」法，但從其「觀中」心法的詮釋意向，及對「靜坐」養生術的討論與接觸中可知，「靜坐」在楊時也可以是修身養性的權宜之方。他思想本質上不明舉「靜坐」法門，然其中實又概念具備，乃至影響及門人直以「靜坐」開體「中」之工夫入路，在道南學脈的傳承上，楊時居絕對關鍵地位。本文首先論述楊時之「觀中」心法，闡釋其間可能的「觀」法；其次，考述其師承與交遊，期見出楊時對「靜坐」之方的接觸與認識；最後，指出楊時對羅從彥、李侗在體「中」思想上的啟發及地位。楊時雖未明示，但並不等於不認同此工夫進路，由此說明「靜坐」法門在楊時，也可以是修身養性的一種輔佐之方。

關鍵字

楊時 ； 觀中 ； 靜坐 ； 道南

並列摘要

The research focuses on Yang Shi's ＂Observe Zhong＂ method, analyzing his connection with the meditation method from his teacher and his influence on students Luo Congyan and Li Tung. The research points out that, although Yang Shi had never made it clear that he advocated meditation as a method of learning, it's reasonable to infer that meditation was a convenient way for him to realize self-cultivation, from the way he explained and from his discussion of meditation and health care. The essence of thought is actually possessed by this concept. The research first discusses Yang Shi's ＂Observe Zhong＂ and explains his proposed method. Secondly, it describes the interaction between Yang Shi and his teachers and friends, in order to find his connection and understanding of the meditation method. Finally, the research points out the inspiration and important position of Yang Shi on his students.

並列關鍵字

Yang Shi ； Observe Zhong ； Meditation ； Dao-Nan