劉辰翁《莊子南華真經點校》「以佛評莊」再探

Liu, Chen-Weng ＂The proofreading of Nan-Hua Chen-Jing by ZhuangZi＂ Rediscuss the Comment on ZhuangZi by Buddhism

張晏菁(Chang, Yen-Ching)

《嘉大中文學報》 14期 (2021/03) Pp. 133-155

摘要

劉辰翁（1232－1297），宋末元初著名文學家、思想家，其評點書籍甚眾，範圍遍及經、史、子、集四部，並享有「中國小說評點之祖」之譽；又一創舉在於真正擺落以科舉為目的，專以詩文評點成書的第一人。自唐以降，儒、釋、道三家合流的思潮日趨顯著，劉辰翁學思上承程朱，以儒者自宗，採莊、佛而後歸於儒家來調和三教，是其注莊的基本立場。劉辰翁評莊是以林希逸《莊子口義》為底本，評語以短評為主，充滿強烈的批判性和主觀色彩。在「以佛評莊」方面，劉氏以佛教義理來解讀《莊子》，在佛道之間更推崇莊子及其境界。劉辰翁「以佛評莊」的具體價值，其一：延續林希逸「識文字血脈，知禪宗解數」的儒者立場評莊，可作為宋代莊學發展的取資對象。其二：採用禪宗《語錄》、佛教術語、般若空義來「以佛評莊」，呈現以佛教義理、修行方式、證悟境界來「類比」莊子思想，大致契合莊學。其三：劉辰翁契入佛法，以「空」解「無」，進而以「空空」對應「無無」，破除對空的執著，再以「空空亦空」，清晰了空義的超越性質。

關鍵字

莊子 ； 劉辰翁 ； 《莊子南華真經點校》 ； 以佛評莊

並列摘要

Liu ,Chen-Weng(1232-1297), who was born in the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty. He was a well-known writer and thinker, and he commented many books, including Confucian classics, historical records, philosophical writings and miscellaneous works. He was called ＂the Father of Chinese novel who tried to punctuate and annotate.＂ In addition, there was another pioneering work which was mad by Liu, Chen- Weng, that he took getting rid of the imperial examination as the goal and he really did it, and specifically comment on poems and articles, and then he was the first person to collecte and publishe in book form remit. Since the Tang Dynasty, the fusion of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, has become obvious. Liu, Chen-Weng's ideology inherits Cheng and Zhu. He regarded himself as a Confucian, and his way of commenting Zhuangzi was to integrate the thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism into Confucianism. Liu, Chen-weng's comment on ZhuangZi was based on Lin XiYi 's ＂Oral Significance of ZhuangZi＂ as the base, and his comments were mainly short sentences, and full of strong criticism and his own subjective style. Regarding Commenting on Zhuangzi Based on the Buddha, Liu Chenweng interpreted ＂Zhuang Zi＂ with Buddhist thought. Between the Buddhism and Taoism, he even more respected ZhuangZi and its realm. The specific value of Liu,Chen-Weng's commenting on Zhuangzi Based on the Buddha. One of them was: Continuing Lin XiYi's ＂Knowing the context of words and knowing the Zen Way of explanation＂ which took the position of Confucian scholars to comment on Zhuangzi, so that could be used as the learning object by the development of Zhuangzi Theory in the Song Dynasty. Secondly: Adopting the Zen Quotations, Buddhist Terminology, PRAJNAEMPTINESS to ＂appraise Zhuangzi with Buddha＂, and presented to analogy Zhuangzi's thoughts with the Buddhist thoughts, the practices, and the REALIZATION of REALM, which were consistent with Zhuangzi Theory. Third: Liu,Chen-Weng went deep into the Dharma and took the ＂Emptiness＂ to solved Void, and then ＂ Remove Emptiness＂ to correspond to ＂Remove Nothing＂ , breaking the egocentrism obsession with Emptiness, and then used the ＂Remove Emptiness＂ was relativity of existence to clarifies the transcendent nature of Emptiness.

並列關鍵字

＂Zhuang Zi＂ ； Liu, Chen-Weng ； ＂Zhuang Zi Nan Hua Zhen Jing Dian Jiao＂ ； comment on ＂Zhuang Zi＂ based on the Buddha