飲食性有機砷攝取對無機砷暴露生物指標的干擾

Interference of Dietary Organic Arsenic Intake on Biomarker for Inorganic Arsenic Exposure

黃耀輝(Yaw-Huei Hwang)

《台灣法醫學誌》 6卷2期 (2014/12) Pp. 19-27

https://doi.org/10.6134/tjfm.2014.0602.03

摘要

無機砷暴露可能造成急、慢性健康危害效應。為有效防治人體受到無機砷暴露，生物指標是方便、有用的監測、診斷工具之一。傳統的無機砷暴露生物指標係量測尿中無機砷代謝物種總合的濃度，包括砷酸（As^(V)）、亞砷酸（As^(III)）、單甲基砷酸（MMA）、雙甲基砷酸（DMA）等砷物種。但礙於飲食性有機砷被攝取、代謝後，部分會轉化為雙甲基砷酸排至尿中，對尿中無機砷代謝物種濃度產生嚴重干擾，誤導對無機砷暴露程度的解讀。本文以過去飲食性有機砷攝取的相關研究結果來說明尿中無機砷代謝物種雙甲基砷酸（DMA）濃度受干擾影響的程度，包括探討海產食物種類、個人差異與基因多型性等不同因素的影響。應用無機砷暴露的尿中砷代謝物種生物指標，應確認尿液樣本採集前三天，受試者並未攝食海產食物，以避免該項生物指標受到飲食性有機砷攝取的干擾。若無法避免這項干擾，尿中砷代謝物種之一的單甲基砷酸（MMA）會是一項可靠的替代指標，以釐清砷暴露來源是否為無機砷。

關鍵字

有機砷 ； 無機砷 ； 尿液 ； 生物指標

並列摘要

Inorganic arsenic exposure may lead to acute or chronic adverse health effect to human. For the purpose of prevention, biological marker is a convenient and useful tool for monitoring or diagnosing inorganic arsenic exposure. Traditional biological marker for inorganic arsenic exposure is the combined urinary concentration of inorganic arsenic metabolites, including arsenate, arsenite, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic (DMA). However, after being taken into human body, parts of the dietary organic arsenic could be metabolized as DMA and excreted in urine, which might interfere with the urinary DMA resulted from inorganic arsenic exposure. Such a situation may lead to misinterpretation for the original source of inorganic exposure. This review studied previous dietary organic arsenic intake related researches to elaborate the interfering effects of seafood type, individual variability and polymorphism on the urinary DMA level. In order to prevent the interference from dietary organic arsenic intake in applying biological marker for inorganic arsenic exposure, one thing must be sure that the urine sample givers were restrained form seafood intake for at least three days. If this is not the case, urinary MMA level could be a reliable alternative biological marker to clarify inorganic arsenic exposure source.

並列關鍵字

Organic Arsenic ； Inorganic Arsenic ； Urine ； Biomarker

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