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聲學頭部關係轉移函數特性探討

Study on the Characteristics of Acoustic HRTF

摘要


聲學頭部關係轉移函數(head related transfer function, HRTF)係指在自由聲場下,音源傳遞到雙耳的聲壓與音源到人頭中心位置無人頭狀態之聲壓比之頻率函數,主要呈現傳到人頭中心位置的聲壓因人頭存在呈現於人耳感受聲壓的變化。由於人頭與耳廓的幾何形狀特性,HRTF之分佈與音源―人頭的相對方向均有莫大關係。因此HRTF對於研究音源對於人耳感受之研究頗為重要,對應於心理聲學與雙耳量測技術中,扮演相當重要的腳色。本文以理論解與邊界元素法分析球狀與類耳簡化模型,檢討HRTF的基本特性。再探討以橢圓球作為簡化人頭的頭部關係轉移函數特性,利用聲學互易原理縮減HRTF的計算量。另外,整理MIT依KEMAR的人體模型建立的HRTF資料庫,比較頭部關係轉移函數之基本特性,並與簡化橢圓球與耳廓的類人頭模型之分析結果進行比較,以觀察人頭基本幾何特性對於HRTF之影響。

並列摘要


The Head Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) describe the effects of human head and ears on sound wave propagation from sound source to ears in free field, which are defined to indicate the characteristics of human hearing acoustic. Owing to the geometric parameters of human head and ears, the distribution of HRTF has close relationship of relative positions between sound source and human ears. HRTFs are important on the hearing perception and binaural technique in psychoacoustic research. In the paper, the basic characters of a rigid sphere HRTFs were investigated by using analytical solution and boundary element method (BEM). Then, the HRTFs for a simplified ellipsoid head with and without ears models were examined. To reduce the computation resource, the acoustic reciprocal principle was used for numerical analysis. Finally, the HRTFs of these two models were compared with MIT KEMAR HRTF database.

並列關鍵字

HRTFs Psychoacoustics BEM Reciprocity Binaural Technique

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