Effects of Progressive Exercise Programs on Balance Ability in Elderly Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

I-Te Wu ； Chiao-Hsin Hu

《Adaptive Medicine》 8卷4期 (2016/12) Pp. 186-196

https://doi.org/10.4247/AM.2016.ABG160

摘要

The decline of neuromuscular control with aging causes harm decline of lower limb muscular strength in elderly women to result in losing balance or falling. A 12-week progressive resistance exercise or aerobic exercise significantly improved balance ability, reaction and reduced the risk of falling. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether balance ability changes in response to resistance exercise training or aerobic exercise increased muscular strength. Forty-five elderly women (age 68.3 ± 4.2 years; BMI = 24.4 ± 4.3 kg/m^2) were recruited and randomly assigned into 3 groups (15 subjects each): resistance training group (RT), aerobic training group (AT) and control group (CON). Participants in At and RT groups attended a progressive 12-week exercise at a moderate intensity (5-6 on the ratings of perceived exertion scale), 30 min per session, and three sessions per week. Control group remains normal routine. All subjects underwent Chair Stand Test, Arm Curl Test, 8-Foot Up-and-Go Test and Open-Eye Single-Leg Stand Test before the training programs, after 12-week training programs, or 12-week after stop training. Functional fitness changes to training and detraining were evaluated with mixed-models of repeated measurement method and Pearson's product-moment correlation methods. After 12-week exercise training intervention, the efficiency of muscular endurance fitness, static balance and dynamic balance were significantly increased in RT and AT groups as compared with CON group. However, the results of the percent change for ULME, U-LMS, SB and DB were different between the groups (RT, AT vs. CON, P ＜ 0.05). The percent change for U-LME, U-LMS, SB and DB was different between the time intervals (RT: Post-test vs. retention %; AT: Post-test vs. retention %, P ＜ 0.05). The muscular endurance fitness, static balance and dynamic balance in elderly women have retention effect 1 week after detraining. There are significant correlations (P ＜ 0.05) between U-LME and U-LMS (r = 0.568), U-LME and SB (r = 0.374), U-LME and DB (r = -0.441), U-LMS and SB (r = 0.262), U-LMS and DB (r = -0.246), SD and DB (r = -0.260). Therefore, the results reveal the muscular endurance fitness; SB and DB have some correlations. A 12-week progressive RT or AT training significantly improved muscular function and balance ability, reaction and reduced the risk of falling. Thus, this study could be a model for progressive exercise programsfor elderly women to increase functional capacities in daily lives.

關鍵字

exercise intervention ； lower limb muscular strength ； balance ability ； retention