希臘城邦時期的婦女觀－以雅典及斯巴達為例

Women in the Period of Grecian Polis-A Focus on Athens and Sparta

盧詩婷(Shi-Ting Lu)

《史學研究》 17期 (2003/07) Pp. 231-254

https://doi.org/10.29438/THR.200307.0008

摘要

雅典和斯巴達均是父權體制的城邦社會，均有歧視女性的思想，但隨著城邦的發展，雅典和斯巴達社會對婦女的觀念日趨不同。逐步建立民主政治的雅典，城邦女性卻受到越來越多的限制與壓迫。軍事化的斯巴達，雖然仍是男性主導的社會，女性卻逐漸擁有了權力與自由。以父權思想來解釋為何兩個父權體制的城邦婦女觀念卻有完全不同的發展，似乎是不太夠的，本文擬從雅典和斯巴達社會、家庭和法律層面來討論同是父權社會的雅典和斯巴達為何有發展出不同的婦女觀？第一章以柏拉圖和亞里斯多德為例，討論希臘思想家對婦女的觀念；第二章討論城邦的特色對婦女觀形成的影響；第三、四、五章討論法律、教育和家庭中婦女的生活與婦女觀念形成的過程，在第六章做一結論。限於資料蒐集的問題，本文研究的對象以城邦中的女性為主，有關家庭與婚姻中的收養子女問題與內婚制問題，為了切合主題並避免文章過於龐雜，將會略去不談。

關鍵字

父權思想 ； 民主 ； 軍事化 ； 法律 ； 家庭 ； 教育 ； 性別觀念

並列摘要

Societies in Athens and Sparta were patriarchal with gender discriminations. As these poleis were growing into different political paths, the gender concepts also went different accordingly. While Athens became a democratic society, Athenian women got more and more restraint under their laws. The militarized Sparta on the opposite, women got more and more rights and freedom. Within the frame of patriarchism, it seems difficult to explain why these differences happened between these patriarchy societies. Therefore, my intention is to give an explanation from the aspects of society, family and laws of both Athens and Sparta to discuss why Athens and Sparta have different concept of gender.I would Plato and Aristotle as examples to discuss the gender ideas of Greek philosophers, then to discussed what kinds of characteristics of these society would influence the developing of gender concepts. Finally, I would discuss the development of the gender concept in the societies of Athens and Sparta from the aspects of law, education and women's life in family.Limited by lacking sources, my research object could only focus on the freeborn women of these poleis. In order to avoid been multifarious and disorder, I also chose to leave the discussing adopting and intermarriage for my future dissertation.

並列關鍵字

patriarchy ； democratic ； militarized ； law ； family ； the concept of gender