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  • 期刊

美國新教的轉化與分裂-新教自由主義與新教基要派的誕生

The Transform and Separate of American Protestantism-The Arise of Protestant Liberalism and Protestant Fundamentalism

摘要


十九世紀晚期的美國改革宗福音派信徒,承襲一百多年來奮興運動(Revival Movement)風潮與盎格魯.撒克遜白人新教徒文化,卻在工業化導致的社會結構轉變與物質主義價值觀流行,以及啟蒙運動以來理性主義科學思想對形而上宗教的否定的雙重衝擊下,分裂成相互敵視的新教自由主義與新教基要派。傾向與世俗化思潮妥協調和的新教自由主義,與堅持清教主義價值觀與奮興運動傳統的新教基要派,雙方雖然都強調個體感受,思想的起源都來自於對個人的情感與價值觀的重視,但是一個是修改信念以配合社會共同價值,一個則緊抱著懷舊思想而不信任這變遷迅速的社會。兩者不但思想與價值觀南轅北轍,彼此更是在學校教育、立法與內政外交政策上針鋒相對。這種相互抗衡的局面不只是在宗教界,更影響到今天美國的政治決策。

並列摘要


In the late nineteenth century, American Protestant Evangelical which inherited the tradition of WASP culture and Revival Movement, was separated into Protestant Liberalism and Protestant Fundamentalism by the impacts from industrialization, the changing of social structures, the widespread materialism values, and the rational scientific thoughts. Protestant Liberalism inclined to compromising with the earthen thought trend, and Protestant Fundamentalism insists in the tradition of Revival Movement and Puritanism values. Both Protestant Liberalism and Protestant Fundamentalism were based on the respect for personal emotion and values, but one of them is revise personal thought to tie in common social values, the other one is cherishing the past and never trust the changing social values. The match of Protestant Liberalism and Protestant Fundamentalism is not only in the religion, but also extend and influence to education, legislation, domestic and foreign policy of recently American government.

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