法國人對太平天國之役的態度與影響（1850－1864年）

French Attitude and Influence upon the Taiping Rebellion, 1850-1864

詹恩勝(An-Shen Chan)

《史學研究》 20期 (2006/12) Pp. 173-221

https://doi.org/10.29438/THR.200612.0005

摘要

太平天國興起初期，由於歐美國家對清廷政策的不滿，因而將此內戰視為擴展在華勢力與爭取更多權利的契機。太平天國運動所具有的基督教色彩，最初也曾引起來華法國人的興趣，但隨著對太平天國瞭解的加深，他們的態度也出現相當程度的轉變。由於天主教事業在華的發展深受法國當局重視，加以太平軍初期曾因誤會而破壞天主教堂與迫害信徒。因此，較傾向於基督新教的太平天國宗教遂使得法國外交官與部分法國天主教士產生疑慮，及至天津、北京條約簽訂，法國自清廷方面獲得保教權後，其原先對太平軍的中立政策，即開始轉為支持清廷與鎮壓太平軍。早期法國在東亞地區擴展勢力的動機，政治上的目的實多於商業利益的考量，由於法國當局擔心太平軍的成功將影響法國作為在華天主教保護國的地位，因此儘管1860年代太平天國在洪仁玕主導下開始推行對外友誼政策，並試圖淡化上帝教的異端色彩，但仍舊無法爭取法國方面的諒解，而英、法等列強的軍事干預，亦為太平天國後期的發展造成相當不利的影響。

關鍵字

太平天國 ； 天主教 ； 保教權 ； 洪仁玕 ； 上帝教

並列摘要

Western powers were dissatisfied with the policy of the Chin dynasty during the period of the Taiping rebellion, so they viewed this war as an opportunity to gain more privileges from China. The French in China were originally interested in the Christian features of the Taiping rebellion, but their attitude refashioned considerably after they came to understand the internal circumstances of the Taiping rebellion more clearly. Because The French authorities generally patronized the development of Catholicism, and the Taiping rebels had destroyed Catholic places of worship and persecuted Catholics during the early stage of the war, so French diplomats and some priests developed misgiving about the Taiping's religion and came to view it as a branch of Protestant extremists. After the provisions of the Treaties of Tientisn and Peking became fully developed entered, the French authorities obtained the right of Poaroado and altered its policy from one of maintaining neutralism to actively assisting Chin dynasty in suppressing the Taiping rebels.The motive of French for extending its influence in China derived from political purposes rather than commercial benefits. And the French authorities feared the Taiping's success would impair its position in China. Therefore, although Hong Jen-Kan tried to improve the heretical component of the God Worship in 1860th, the Taiping leadership still could not acquire French acquiescence. Therefore, western powers, primarily Britain and French provided a military countermarch to the Taiping rebels in the later stages of the rebellion.

並列關鍵字

Taiping rebellion ； Roman Catholicism ； Poaroado ； Hong Jen-Kan ； The God Worship