從蘇聯衛國戰爭時期（1941－1945）文化宣傳看女性形象

The Propaganda of Women's Images in the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945)

楊惟安(Wei-An Yang)

《史學研究》 21期 (2007/12) Pp. 145-181

https://doi.org/10.29438/THR.200712.0005

摘要

1941年6月22日，德國對蘇聯發動軍事攻擊行動，為衛國戰爭的開始。蘇聯政府運用各種的文化宣傳方式，像海報、廣播、報紙、音樂、繪畫、漫畫、戲劇等，激發全蘇聯人民的愛國主義精神，使全民在「一切為了前線」、「一切為了勝利」的號召下，共同為捍衛祖國努力。不過，蘇聯能迅速動員全民投入戰爭，與20、30年代所建立的新文化體制有很大的關係。蘇聯的文藝政策經過列寧和史達林的領導，完全納入國家統治之下。同時，這時期表達蘇聯精神的各種素材中，女性形象為文化宣傳的重要主題，此為受到史達林強調全能女性形象的影響。本文將從母親、勞動者及女游擊隊員的形象進行分析，以了解衞國戰爭中女性形象於文化政策中的內涵與成效。

關鍵字

衛國戰爭 ； 《關於共和國紀念碑命令》 ； 社會主義的現實主義 ； 文化革命 ； 勞動模範

並列摘要

June 22, 1941, Germany started military attack on Soviet Union. It was the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. The government of Soviet Union made use of all kinds of propaganda tools to raise people's patriotic spirit, such as posters, broadcasts, newspaper, music, paints, comics and dramas. The government's main purpose was united people under the slogan of ”all for the frontline” and ”all for the victories”. However, Soviet Union can mobilize its people to join war in short period of time had to do with the new cultural system establish from the twenties to thirties. The formation of Soviet Union's literature and art policy went through the leadership of Lenin and Stalin and was under government's control. In the mean time, the images of women had become an important material in Soviet Union's propaganda resources. This phenomenon is related to Stalin's emphasize on the image of almighty women. In this thesis, I will discuss the images of mother, worker and partisan of women to understand its connotations and effects in cultural policy in the Great Patriotic War.

並列關鍵字

the Great Patriotic War ； Monumental Propaganda ； Socialism Realism ； Cultural Revolution ； Stakhanovites