- 期刊
堰塞湖應變處理機制建立與應用
Emergency Response Planning of Landslide Dam in Taiwan
摘要
2009年8月莫拉克颱風襲台，極端降雨誘發了難以掌握之崩塌、土石流、洪水、堰塞湖等複合型災害，政府雖立即啟動災防體系應變，但因生成之堰塞湖多位於偏遠山區，調查及監測處理受制環境天候與交通因素，災情資訊難以掌控，且又欠缺處理標準作業程序，在應變處理機制之建立，是未來必須面對之重要課題。臺灣林務局轄管林地多位於集水區上游，是堰塞湖形成頻率較高之區域，為能於堰塞湖形成後快速啟動應變措施，有效進行相關減災作為，林務局針對堰塞湖防災作業各階段之任務需求與特性，參考莫拉克颱風後堰塞湖處理經驗，探討各階段實際執行時遭遇之困難，研擬可行之標準作業流程與方法，包括初期階段之查證與通報流程、緊急應變階段之因應防災時效性的快速資料調查評估與監測方法、中長期處理階段之詳細調查評估及處理對策檢討與強化方法。同時，為有效監測與管理轄管既存之堰塞湖，除完成攜帶式監測設備之研發，並已建置完成堰塞湖監測與防災通報系統，可適時提供堰塞湖防救災決策研擬之參考。
並列摘要
In August 2009, Typhoon Morakot struck Taiwan and brought a high-intensity, long duration and wide range rainfall. A series of natural hazards such as landslide, debris flow, flood and landslide dam were triggered by the rainfall. Among these natural disasters, the information of landslide lake and landslide dam cannot be obtained immediately through field investigations due to the remote location of landslide dams and severe weather condition. Furthermore, an appropriate response guideline to landslide dam is still not available in the emergency disposal plan of landslide dam disaster. The jurisdiction areas of Taiwan Forestry Bureau are the high-risk area of landslide dam. Sixteen landslide dams were formed during Typhoon Morakot. Based on the experience learned from the event of typhoon Morakot, Taiwan Forestry Bureau develops a procedure for disaster prevention and response based on pluralistic investigation methods, standard operation procedures, and the decision support system. The collected information allows decision makers to understand the situation of landslide dam.