從法治主義談長期照顧行政法制

所謂的「法治（Rule of Law）」，其意義為「依法而治」。而相對於法治，另一個則是「法治國（Rechtsstaat）」，係指國家的所有權力，都必須受到法律的拘束。法治與法治國兩者，其實意義相近，均為憲法位階的原理原則，其目的也在於透過法律，而對於國家權力予以限制，以保障人民的基本權利。本文所稱法治主義，係源自於德國的法治國原則以及日本實質法治主義下的「實質法治主義」。其意義係指「依法行政」，包含行政權對於法律的尊重，以及法律對於行政權恣意的抑制。本文討論老年人長期照顧之行政法制，對於法治主義之呈現，從老年人長期照顧的制度研析，並結合依法行政三原則以及程序正義七原則之規範與內容，予以逐點檢視。以求行政制度能落實法治主義中，對於形式上之程序正當性，以及實質上對於人民權利之保障要求。

關鍵字

行政法五大架構；長期照顧；行政法制；法治主義；法治國

並列摘要

＂Rule of Law＂, it is mean ＂Rule by Law＂. The other respect to the rule of law, is refer to all the powers of the State, must be bound by law. Both law and the rule of law, in fact similar meaning, are the principles of the constitutional principle of rank. Its purpose is hoped that through the law, and for state power to be limited in order to protect the basic rights of the people. It referred to herein Rule of Law, the Department of State from the rule of law in Germany and Japan, the essence of the rule of law under the principle of ＂Substantive Rule of Law.＂ Its significance means ＂According to Law＂, including respect for the law for the executive power, and the legal authority for administrative wanton suppression. This article discusses the long-term care of the elderly administrative legal system. For the rule of law doctrine presents, and the elderly long-term care system research analysis. This article combined with the seven principles of administration according to law norms and procedures of the three principles of justice. The content to be by-point review in long-term care. Administrative system in order to be able to implement the Rule of Law, with respect to the form of due process, and essentially for the protection of the rights of the people demand.