宜蘭冬山河流域洪患區之居民識覺研究

The Study on the Residents' Perception in Dongshan Flooding Basin of ILAN County

羅煒婷(Wei-Ting Lo) ； 林雪美(Hsueh-Mei Lin)

《工程環境會刊》 30期 (2013/01) Pp. 61-85

https://doi.org/10.6562/JEE.2013.30.5

摘要

災害識覺自1940年代起成為災害研究新觀點，近年來更納入風險評估成為脆弱性指標之一。因此，本研究就災害識覺觀點，以宜蘭冬山河流域為例，探討居民洪患識覺、調適行為之時空變遷及其脆弱性。根據1961-2010年洪患頻度之異，選擇冬山河上、中、下游各一村作為區域比較，採年齡分層隨機抽樣75位居民，以半結構式訪談，輔以描述統計，了解居民洪患識覺及調適行為的時空差異，並探究脆弱性及變遷；最後，歸納脆弱因子以評估未來洪患風險，進而提出防災管理建議。研究顯示：1.洪患識覺差異主要展現在嚴重識覺及再發生識覺，下游居民深刻比例偏高。2.洪患調適行為無明顯空間差異，皆以預警後發布行為、即時行為較主，災後積極減災者少。3.洪患識覺變遷中，以再發生識覺較不深刻；調適行為變遷則以預警發佈後、即時行為較明顯，多數居民並無積極減災。4.洪患脆弱性變遷展現於社經條件(家戶結構、災損特性、住屋結構)、識覺行為、社會資源(資訊取得、社區網絡)以及政府管理(資源及支援)各項。根據洪患脆弱性評估，社經條件層面中的個人差異，可得知武淵村獨居人口、身心障礙者比例較高，錦眾村則以一樓住民及老幼人口比例為最，丸山村則是不識字比例最多；就社群差異而言，洪患識覺最脆弱者為丸山村，積極減災行為最脆弱者為武淵及錦眾村。因此，政府管理層面應以後者的即時支援最為重要。

關鍵字

洪患 ； 識覺 ； 冬山河流域

並列摘要

Hazard perception has been a new perspective of hazard research since 1940s; in recent years, hazard perception has future incorporated in the risk assessment as one of the indicators of vulnerability. Taking Dongshan Basin of Ilan County as a cause study, and the data were analyzed in terms of spatial-temporal changes and causes from 1961 to 2010. Besides, three villages-upstream, midstream, and downstream each - were chosen based on the flood frequency. Using age-based stratified sampling, 25 participants in each village were selected and interviewed. Interview data were analyzed and descriptive statistics were used to explore spatial-temporal differences of the residents' flood perceptions and their adjust behaviors. Flood vulnerabilities and its changes were also studied. Finally, factors of vulnerability were assessed in order to understand the spatial difference of future flood risk; and based on the assessment, this study provided disaster-reduction management suggestions. The results can be listed as below. First, from upstream to downstream, there is a tendency that serious feelings and risk of resident's flood perceptions are more obvious. Second, there are no significant spatial differences of residents' adjust behaviors. Third, the changes of flood vulnerability are related to socio-economic factors (family numbers, household loss, house floor), perception behaviors, social resources (information accessibility, social network), and the management of government (resources and supports).

並列關鍵字

flooding ； perception ； Dongshan Basin